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Hardware Basics

Explore key hardware components like Microprocessors, RAM, ROM, and Storage media. Understand how they support tasks like gaming, editing, and publishing. Learn about expansion slots, ports, and monitors for optimal performance. Dive into the world of motherboard technology and vital computer devices like hard disks and optical drives. Discover the importance of memory, storage capacity, and speed in powering your computing needs effectively.

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Hardware Basics

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  1. Hardware Basics Professor Pepper

  2. Major Objectives • Microprocessor • RAM • ROM BIOS • Motherboard • Storage (CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Jump, Tape) • Expansion slots and ports • Monitor

  3. Computer Desktop Shopping • Dell website • Comp USA • Buy.com

  4. Microprocessor theory • Clock time (x mhz, x ghz) • Word size (x bit) • Cache (l1 in chip; l2 close; l3 less close) • Instruction set (categories:CISC, RISC; architectures: IA64,IA-32) • Hyper-threading • Many processors inside one processor • Many separate processors on one board • Manufacturer • See moodle’s useful sites – hardware for updates

  5. Microprocessors on the market • Intel • i-3, i-5, i-7 • Intel Core2 Duo; Extreme; Quad • Pentium dual-core; Pentium 1- 4; • Pentium M: laptop • Celeron : budget • AMD • Athlon II X4 • Phenom; Turion; Opteron : current • Athlon X64 ; old premier • Duron, Sempron : old budget • Transmeta • Crusoe – tablet • Motorola • Power PC – MAC  no longer used in mac since OS 10.7

  6. Microprocessor high needs • 3-D animated computer games • Desktop publishing • Video editing • Upgrading later is usually not cost-effective

  7. RAM • Random Access Memory • Lose it when computer off • Like your head’s short term memory • Main measurement is size (Gb, Mb) • More than cache, much less than hard drive • Speed (Mhz) • Has a type: RDRAM; SDRAM; DDRRAM • Expandable limits

  8. ROM BIOS & CMOS • ROM BIOS • Read only memory to start up your system • No relation to CD-ROM • CMOS • Basic hardware path settings • Programmable • Very low battery needed • Neither usually effect your purchase

  9. Motherboard • Traffic cop • Everything connects to it • Hard disk to RAM to CPU via bus • Motherboard chipset moves data faster • 800 MHZ bus last year to

  10. Storage Introduction • CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Tape, flash drive • Media – holds the data • Device - writes and reads the data • Need drive bays • Need expansion slots • Measures • Versatility of drive • Durability • Speed • Capacity

  11. Devices

  12. Hard disk - Magnetic • Notebook – Space • Controller • Serial ATA • Ultra ATA – 2 x EIDE (UDMA data transfer) • EIDE - old • SCSI – fast, but expensive • Memory • Sudden Death – backup • Speed (RPM) vs Access Time (MS) • GOOD MOVIE or Hard Disk to RAM

  13. CD / DVD - Optical • Access speed – 2x, 24x or kb/sec • CD-ROM (read only) – just read • CD-R(ecordable) – write once ;read by all • CD-RW (read /write) – write a lot; read by few • Same for DVD, but it has +/- formats • DVD-RAM : video editing • Blu-Ray (Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Thomson, Hitachi, Matsushita, Pioneer and Philips, Mistubishi and LG Electronics ; supported by Warner Bros.)* • HD-DVD (AOD) (Toshiba and NEC; supported by Paramount and Universal ) * * Blue Violet Rays insteadof Red LINK TO INFO ON HD-DVD

  14. Solid State Storage

  15. Pointing Devices • Track pad • Track ball • Mouse • Pointing stick (the red knob on a laptop)

  16. Expansion Slots • ISA – old / modems • PCI –graphics, sound, video, modem, NIC • ACP – graphics • PCMCIA – laptop • Type I – memory • Type II – modem, sound, nic • Type III – hard drive or two of the other

  17. Expansion Ports • Device plug • Often on expansion card (in expansion slot) • Types • Serial – mouse or modem • Parallel – printer; external drive • USB – lots • SCSI – disk drive; cd rom; scanner; tape backup • IEEE (firewire) – video camera; DVD player • VGA - monitor

  18. Monitors • Graphics card to give a boost • CRT (large, all angles, smaller screen, cheaper) / LCD (small, full screen) / Plasma (expensive) • Resolution – dp (dot pitch –smaller is better) • Viewable image size • Color depth or bit depth (true color is 24) • Graphics card

  19. Terminology • www.webopedia.com • www.hyperdictionary.com • Many others

  20. Diagram

  21. Computer Desktop Shopping • Dell website • Comp USA • Buy.com • PC purchase exercise • Textbook purchase exercise

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