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Hardware Basics:

Peripherals. 3. Hardware Basics:. Learning Objectives. List several examples of input devices and explain how they can make it easier to get different types of information into the computer. List several examples of output devices and explain how they make computers more useful.

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Hardware Basics:

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  1. Peripherals 3 Hardware Basics:

  2. Learning Objectives • List several examples of input devices and explain how they can make it easier to get different types of information into the computer. • List several examples of output devices and explain how they make computers more useful.  2001 Prentice Hall

  3. Learning Objectives • Explain why a typical computer has different types of storage devices. • Diagram how the components of a typical computer system fit together and interact.  2001 Prentice Hall

  4. Chapter Outline “We swim in a sea of information.” Gary Snyder • Input: From Person to Processor • Output: From Pulses to People • Storage Devices: Input meets Output • Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts  2001 Prentice Hall

  5. Input: From Person to Processor  2001 Prentice Hall

  6. The Omnipresent Keyboard Keyboards are used to input and manipulate information with keys such as Letters and Numbers…  2001 Prentice Hall

  7. The Omnipresent Keyboard …and Cursor Keys that allow you to move around the screen …Function Keys that send special commands…  2001 Prentice Hall

  8. Pointing Devices  2001 Prentice Hall

  9. Reading Tools • Optical-mark readers • Bar-code readers • Magnetic-ink character readers • Wand readers • Pen scanners  2001 Prentice Hall

  10. Scanners Video digitizing Digitizing the Real World Audio digitizing and Speech recognition software Sensing devices  2001 Prentice Hall

  11. Scanners Scanners capture and digitize images from external paper sources  2001 Prentice Hall

  12. Video Digitizers Video digitizers contain circuitry to digitize frames from camcorders and other video sources.  2001 Prentice Hall

  13. Digital Cameras Digital cameras turn real-world scenes into digital images that can be stored and manipulated by the computer The images, stored in memory, can be transferred to a computer for either editing or storage  2001 Prentice Hall

  14. Audio Digitizers • Audio digitizers contain circuitry to digitize sounds from microphones and other audio devices. • Spoken words, music, and sound effects can be captured.  2001 Prentice Hall

  15. Paper Video Monitor Sound Controlling Other Machines Output: From Pulses to People  2001 Prentice Hall

  16. Video Monitor Also called Video Display Terminal (VDT) Image exists in video memory—VRAM Monitor size is measured diagonally across the screen Screen Output  2001 Prentice Hall

  17. Pixels • Images are made up ofdots called pixelsforpicture elements • The number of pixelsaffects the resolutionof the monitor • The higher the resolution,the better the image quality ( use dpi -dots per inch- for resolution unit)  2001 Prentice Hall

  18. Color Depth (Pixel Depth) • The amount of information per pixel is known as the color depth • Monochrome (1 bit of information per pixel) • Gray-scale (8 bits of information per pixel) • Color (8 or 16 bits of information per pixel) • True color (24 or 32 bits of information per pixel)  2001 Prentice Hall

  19. 4-bit depth 1-bit depth 8-bit depth 16-bit depth Examples of Color Depth  2001 Prentice Hall

  20. Classes of Monitors CRT (cathode ray tube) LCD (liquid crystal display)  2001 Prentice Hall

  21. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) A CRT is a television-style monitorfeaturing: • Clear image • Quick response time • Low cost  2001 Prentice Hall

  22. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) • LCDs are flat-panel monitors • Features include: • Lighter weight • More compact • More expensive • Dominate the portable computer market  2001 Prentice Hall

  23. Paper Output • Paper output is sometimes called hard copy • Hard copy can come from one of two kinds of printers: • Impact printers • Nonimpact printers  2001 Prentice Hall

  24. Impact Printers • Line printers • Used by mainframes formassive jobs • Limited characters available • Dot-matrix printers • Image formed from dots printed on paper • Good for text and graphics • Inexpensive  2001 Prentice Hall

  25. Nonimpact Printers • Laser printers • Image transferred to paper with laser beam ( A laser beam creates patterns of electrical charges on a rotating drum; those charged patterns attract black toner and transfer it to paper as the drum rotates. • Faster and more expensivethan dot-matrix • High-resolution hard copy  2001 Prentice Hall

  26. Other Nonimpact Printers • Ink-jet • Dots of ink are sprayed onto the paper to form the image • High-resolution hard copy • Some models can print color photographs  2001 Prentice Hall

  27. Other Nonimpact Printers • Plotters • Image transferred to paper with ink pens • Very High-resolution • Excellent for scientific and engineering applications  2001 Prentice Hall

  28. Output You Can Hear • Synthesizers can beused to generate music and sounds • Many computershave synthesizers • Sound cards havebuilt-in synthesizers  2001 Prentice Hall

  29. Controlling Other Machines • Output devices turn bit patterns into non-digital movements • Robot arms • Telephone switchboards • Transportation devices • Automated factory equipment • Spacecraft  2001 Prentice Hall

  30. Rules of Thumb:Ergonomics and Health • Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed • Create a healthy workspace • Build flexibility into your work environment • Rest your eyes • Stretch tight muscles  2001 Prentice Hall

  31.  2001 Prentice Hall

  32. Storage Devices:Input Meets Output • Peripherals with both input and output functions provide semi-permanent storage for data • Examples include: • Magnetic tape and disks • Zip(~250MB), Jaz (~2GB) and SuperDisks (~120MB) • Magneto-optical disks  2001 Prentice Hall

  33. Magenetic Tapes • Magnetic tape is a common form of storage for mainframe computersand backup • Information is accessedsequentially • Massive storage for lowcost but retrieval is slow • DAT (digital audio tape) is preferred for storage on small computers  2001 Prentice Hall

  34. Magenetic Disks Floppy Disk HardDisk Zip Disks and Zip Drive  2001 Prentice Hall

  35. Hard Disks • Hard Disks are • Rigid, magnetically sensitive metal disks. • Designed so that information can be randomly accessed • Designed for large storage capacity • Able to access data quickly • Not removable from the drive  2001 Prentice Hall

  36. Optical Disks • Optical disks use laser beams rather than magnets to read and write information • CD-ROM drives are optical drives that read CD-ROMs (~650 Mbytes) • CD-RW drives can write, erase, and rewrite CDs • DVD’s can hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of data, they are replacing CD-ROMs  2001 Prentice Hall

  37.  2001 Prentice Hall

  38. Alternatives • Flash memory • A type of erasable memory chip ( reliable, low-energy, quiet, and compact alternative to disk storage) • No moving parts • May eventually replace disk and tape storage  2001 Prentice Hall

  39. Ports and Slots…again • The system board (motherboard) includes several ports: • Serial Portfor attaching devices that send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems) • Parallel Portfor attaching devices that send/receive bits in groups (printers) • Keyboard/Mouse Port  2001 Prentice Hall

  40. Ports and Slots…again • Other ports that are generally included on expansion boards instead of the system board: • Video Port used to plug in a color monitor into the video board • Microphone, speaker, headphone, MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ports used to attach sound equipment • SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) port allows several peripherals to be strung together and attached to a single port ( upto 80Mbytes/sec)  2001 Prentice Hall

  41. Internal and External Drives • Hard drive • CD or DVD • Floppy disk • Zip Drive • SCSI port  2001 Prentice Hall

  42. Expansion Made Easy • USB and Firewire ports allow multiple devices to be connected to the same port and to be hot swapped: • USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port (~12Mbits/s) • Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more Mbits per second  2001 Prentice Hall

  43. Putting It All Together:Networks • Networks blur the boundaries between computers • Networks can include hundreds of different computers • Can span the globe by using satellites and fiber optic cables  2001 Prentice Hall

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