British Imperialism: The Consolidation of Royal Authority in the American Colonies, 1650-1763

1. British Imperialism: The Consolidation of Royal Authority in the American Colonies, 1650-1763 http://www.cummingmapsociety.org/J_1742_A_Map_of_the_British_Empire_in_America_Popple_Covens_Mortier.jpg http://www.cummingmapsociety.org/J_1742_A_Map_of_the_British_Empire_in_America_Popple_Covens_Mortier.jpg

2. Definition of Empire 1. �A political unit having an extensive territory or comprising a number of territories or nations and ruled by a single supreme authority.� 2. �A group of countries under a single authority.� The American Heritage Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Empirehttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/Empire

3. Questions for Today 1. How did the American colonies fit into the British mercantile system? 2. How did the slave trade fit within this mercantile system? 3. What impact did the French and Indian War have on relations between England and the American colonies?

4. Definition of Mercantilism �A set of policies that regulated colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of the mother country. Mercantilist policies ensured that the American colonies in the mid-seventeenth century produced agricultural goods and raw materials to be shipped to Britain, where they would increase wealth in the mother country.� Roark et. al., The American Promise (4th ed.) From appendix, p. G-5. This is another textbook published by Bedford St. Martins Press.From appendix, p. G-5. This is another textbook published by Bedford St. Martins Press.

5. New Amsterdam, 1664 http://www.onlyinholland.com/images/newyork1664.jpg http://www.onlyinholland.com/images/newyork1664.jpg

6. Transatlantic Exchange of Goods From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

7. British Colonies From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM. From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

8. Sugar Plantation in the Caribbean For a painting of a plantation actually in Barbados, see this panoramic image: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week8/barbados_sugar.jpg The above image is from William Clark, Ten Views In the Island of Antigua, in Which are Represented the Process of Sugar Making.... From Drawings Made by William Clark, During a Residence of Three Years in the West Indies (London, 1823). Original caption is: "A Mill Yard, on Gamble's Estate...." Shows a functioning sugar mill with sails into the wind; canes being brought in ox-pulled carts, slaves "heading" canes into the mill rollers, women stacking cane bunches in foreground; black driver to left and at base of windmill, white owner or manager in lower left overseeing the scene. For a painting of a plantation actually in Barbados, see this panoramic image: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week8/barbados_sugar.jpg The above image is from William Clark, Ten Views In the Island of Antigua, in Which are Represented the Process of Sugar Making.... From Drawings Made by William Clark, During a Residence of Three Years in the West Indies (London, 1823). Original caption is: "A Mill Yard, on Gamble's Estate...." Shows a functioning sugar mill with sails into the wind; canes being brought in ox-pulled carts, slaves "heading" canes into the mill rollers, women stacking cane bunches in foreground; black driver to left and at base of windmill, white owner or manager in lower left overseeing the scene.

9. Slave Destinations, 1501-1750 Information from The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database: http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/assessment/estimates.facesInformation from The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database: http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/assessment/estimates.faces

10. African Slave Trade From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM. From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

11. African Slave Coffle http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery/details.php?categorynum=3&categoryName=&theRecord=2&recordCount=40 http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery/details.php?categorynum=3&categoryName=&theRecord=2&recordCount=40

12. Slave Ship Schematic This diagram shows the number of slaves that could be fit onto the British slave ship Brookes.This diagram shows the number of slaves that could be fit onto the British slave ship Brookes.

13. European Spheres of Influence in the Americasc. 1754 From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM. From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

14. George Washingtonin 1772 �In 1772, George Washington posed for the artist Charles Wilson Peale in his splendid vintage uniform from the Seven Year�s War�Notice the ornamental gorget hung around his neck, a miniature version of the throat-piece of a medieval suit of armor. Both English and Indian leaders in the eighteenth century often sported gorgets. Peale captured Washington�s grandeur in his clothes but not his face, which appears plain, simple, and still very youthful. Washington wrote a friend that he was �in so grave�so sullen a mood� and often so sleepy during the portrait sitting �that I fancy the skill of this gentleman�s pencil will be hard put to it, in describing to the world what manner of man I am�� (Roark, 176). �In 1772, George Washington posed for the artist Charles Wilson Peale in his splendid vintage uniform from the Seven Year�s War�Notice the ornamental gorget hung around his neck, a miniature version of the throat-piece of a medieval suit of armor. Both English and Indian leaders in the eighteenth century often sported gorgets. Peale captured Washington�s grandeur in his clothes but not his face, which appears plain, simple, and still very youthful. Washington wrote a friend that he was �in so grave�so sullen a mood� and often so sleepy during the portrait sitting �that I fancy the skill of this gentleman�s pencil will be hard put to it, in describing to the world what manner of man I am�� (Roark, 176).

15. European Spheres of Influence in the Americasc. 1754 From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM. From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

16. Albany Congress http://www.oglefamilyofmarylandandalliedfamilies.com/ALBANY%20CONGRESS%201754.jpghttp://www.oglefamilyofmarylandandalliedfamilies.com/ALBANY%20CONGRESS%201754.jpg

17. Franklin�s Political Cartoon http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/82/13582-004-22CC081F.jpghttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/82/13582-004-22CC081F.jpg

18. The French and Indian War http://donaldchrzan.com/NWtimeline/NWimages/nw_amhist_imgs/nwfrenchindianwar_imgs/french_indian_war_1763_ionita.gifhttp://donaldchrzan.com/NWtimeline/NWimages/nw_amhist_imgs/nwfrenchindianwar_imgs/french_indian_war_1763_ionita.gif

19. Boundary Changes http://missasmith.wikispaces.com/French+and+Indian+Warhttp://missasmith.wikispaces.com/French+and+Indian+War

20. Other Consequences of the War Standing army

21. Other Consequences of the War Standing army Pontiac�s Rebellion

22. Pontiac Offers a Peace Pipe, 1760 �In 1760 the Ottawa chief Pontiac welcomed British troops to his territory, offering a pipe of peace to their commander, Major Robert Rogers. Three years later, Pontiac led a coordinated uprising against British troops, traders, and settlers, accusing them of cheating Native American peoples of their furs and lands.� From Henretta, America: A Concise History, Instructor�s CD-ROM. �In 1760 the Ottawa chief Pontiac welcomed British troops to his territory, offering a pipe of peace to their commander, Major Robert Rogers. Three years later, Pontiac led a coordinated uprising against British troops, traders, and settlers, accusing them of cheating Native American peoples of their furs and lands.� From Henretta, America: A Concise History, Instructor�s CD-ROM.

23. Other Consequences of the War Standing army Pontiac�s Rebellion Proclamation Line of 1763

24. The British Empire in America, 1763 From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM. From Bedford St. Martins Press, textbook images on CD-ROM.

25. Other Consequences of the War Standing army Pontiac�s Rebellion Proclamation Line of 1763 War debt

26. Summary and Conclusions British had attempted to regulate and control the flow of goods into and out of the colonies

27. Summary and Conclusions British had attempted to regulate and control the flow of goods into and out of the colonies A major �commodity� in the South Atlantic system were African slaves

28. Summary and Conclusions British had attempted to regulate and control the flow of goods into and out of the colonies A major �commodity� in the South Atlantic system were African slaves The French and Indian War (or, Seven Years� War) solidified British control over the North American continent

29. Summary and Conclusions British had attempted to regulate and control the flow of goods into and out of the colonies A major �commodity� in the South Atlantic system were African slaves The French and Indian War (or, Seven Years� War) solidified British control over the North American continent After the war, Britain began to institute reforms and change how they ran their empire