1 / 26

Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies

Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies. Warm Up: Define 1. divine right 2. absolute monarch. Definitions. 1. Divine Right: . Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God. 2. Absolute Monarch:.

aletha
Download Presentation

Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies Warm Up: Define 1. divine right 2. absolute monarch

  2. Definitions 1. Divine Right: Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God. 2. Absolute Monarch: Ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs.

  3. Absolute Monarchies in Europe1550-1800 • Spain • France • England • Austria • Prussia • Russia

  4. Absolute Monarchies in Europe1550-1800 From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

  5. Thirty Years’ War1618-1648 (page 427) • 1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian (German) principalities. • Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of the Holy Roman emperor. • 1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control. • Over thirty years alliances continually changed. • War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated. • 1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.

  6. From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

  7. The Philosopher Behind the Age • Thomas Hobbes • 1660 – Wrote the Leviathan (Giant) • Discussed the perfect government • People first lived in anarchy • Needed a “social contract” • Required an absolute monarch to maintain order • People retained the right only to maintain their lives.

  8. England - Pathway to Revolution1603-1689 • Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) – Absolute ruler of England. • Kept Parliament on her side. • Stabilized the nation and expanded British territory. • Died without an heir. • Country had to decide who would replace her.

  9. England - Pathway to Revolution1603-1689

  10. England – James I (1603 – 1625) • James VI of Scotland • Became James I of England when Elizabeth I died. • Believed in Divine Right of Kings. (page 435) “Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth. • Ran up a huge debt in England. • Had Bible translated from Latin into English

  11. England – Charles I1625 - 1649 • Charles I of England • Absolute monarch - had no problem with putting his enemies in prison without trial • Ran up a huge debt • Dissolved Parliament in 1629 • Touched off a massive English Civil War between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell. • Charles I beheaded in 1649.

  12. England – Oliver Cromwell1649 - 1658 • Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector – England • Ruled through the army • Exiled Catholics to Ireland • Strict Puritan laws passed – theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gambling • Religious freedom for everyone else • When Cromwell died, Restoration began.

  13. England – Charles IIThe Restoration1660 - 1685 • Charles II - Popular ruler • Monarchy restored – Hence: Restoration • Bowed to the wishes of Parliament • Restored the Church of England • Stabilized government

  14. England – James II1685 - 1688 • James II - Absolute Ruler • Antagonized Parliament • Ran up a huge debt • Openly Catholic • Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution. • Glorious Revolution

  15. England – William and MaryEnglish Bill of Rights1689 • William and Mary were given the throne after the English Bill of Rights was passed. • Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy. • Parliament had to meet on a regular basis • Monarchy could neither make nor suspend laws • Trial by jury reinstated. • Abolished fines and cruel and unusual punishment. • Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws. • Laid groundwork for American system of laws.

  16. The Philosophy Advances • John Locke • 1690 • People first lived in anarchy • Needed a “social contract” • People gave up only SOME of their individual rights. • Kept the right to: - Live - Enjoy Liberty - Own Property • Rulers who violated these rights broke the social contract and could be overthrown.

  17. France – Louis XIVRuled 1643 - 1715 • Called himself the Sun King • Believed in divine right. “L’etat, c’est moi.” I am the state. (page 417) • Made French army the strongest in Europe • France was the wealthiest country in Europe under Louis XIV • Louis XIV spent huge amounts of money • Built Versailles. (page 419) • War of Spanish Succession (page 420)

  18. France – Louis XIVVersailles • Expanded from a hunting lodge in 1669. • Became the symbol to European monarchs of the wealth and power of the king of France. • Seat of French government for nearly over 100 years. • Its upkeep consumed as much as 25% of the income of France.

  19. France – Louis XIVVersailles • Expanded from a hunting lodge in 1669. • Became the symbol to European monarchs of the wealth and power of the king of France. • Seat of French government for over 100 years. • Its upkeep consumed as much as 25% of the income of France. Hall of Mirrors

  20. Spain – Philip IIRuled 1556-1598 • Philip II - Sought to expand Spanish influence – ruled Spain when the empire was at its height. Included the Spanish New World (page 414) • Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic church • Centralized royal power • Married Mary I of England – returned England to Catholicism • Invaded England with Spanish Armada against Elizabeth I – He lost most of the Armada.

  21. Spain – Philip IIRuled 1556-1598

  22. Russia – Peter the GreatRuled 1682-1725 • Peter the Great of Russia • Goal was to westernize Russia. Forced powerful boyars to bow to his will. • Built modern Western city for Russian capital – St. Petersburg. • Spread serfdom. • Studied Western technology. Worked in a shipyard • Extended Russian territory – to Pacific Ocean. • 1700: Fought Sweden for control of Baltic. Gained several Baltic ports

  23. Russia – Peter the Great From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

  24. Austria – Maria Theresaruled 1740 - 1780 • Absolute monarch of Austria • Fought Frederick II of Prussia for control of Hungary and Silesia • Reorganized the government • Enlightened Despot • Eased tax burden on her people • Gave more rights to her subjects • Gave birth to 16 children while in power

  25. Prussia – Frederick IIRuled 1740-1786 • Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany) • Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession • Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation

  26. Absolutism Summary ChartTextbook page 436 From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

More Related