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Silos, mousetraps, and islands

Silos, mousetraps, and islands. a chronicle of information systems in organizations. objectives. develop sense of context for: organizations information technology information systems describe some of advances and failures of the old context. why organize?. division of labor

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Silos, mousetraps, and islands

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  1. Silos, mousetraps, and islands a chronicle of information systems in organizations

  2. objectives • develop sense of context for: • organizations • information technology • information systems • describe some of advances and failures of the old context

  3. why organize? • division of labor • manage complexity • achieve mastery • reduce switching costs • reduce training costs • increase scalability

  4. and increased need for control resulting in task specialization specialization & control A single, unified task… …naturally divides into subtasks

  5. coordinating mechanisms • mutual adjustment • direct supervision • standardization of tasks • standardization of outputs • standardization of skills Mintzberg, 1979

  6. 3 PEOPLE = 3 CHANNELS 6 PEOPLE = 6 CHANNELS??? 6 PEOPLE = 15 CHANNELS 12 PEOPLE = ???

  7. functional organization

  8. divisionalized form

  9. strategic apex middle line techno- structure support staff operating core Mintzberg’s form

  10. the flow of formal authority

  11. the flow of regulated activity

  12. the flow of informal communication

  13. set of work constellations

  14. an organizational mess

  15. failure to integrate • focus on task and individual over process and team • grouping by function discourages • lacks built-in mechanism for coordinating process flows • coordination problems rise to level to far from origin • loss of big picture; overall performance hard to track

  16. Moore’s Law 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 500 Merced 10M mips transistors 1M Pentium 25 80486 100K 1.0 80386 80286 10K 0.1 8086 8080 4004

  17. generations • 1st – vacuum tubes • 2nd – transistors • 3rd – integrated circuits • 4th – large-scale integration

  18. failure to communicate • connectivity is more than technical issue • organizational inertia and legacy systems • standards cut both ways • responsiveness is remote

  19. connectivity / responsiveness responsiveness / usability mainframe PC / LAN Internet

  20. IS management eras • Era I – the glass house; regulated monopoly; focus on efficiency & productivity • Era II – proliferation of PCs; free market; focus on individual & group effectiveness • Era III – network is computer; ubiquity; focus on integration & value creation Applegate et al, 1999

  21. classification of IS strategic apex executive IS decision support middle line geographic IS techno- structure support staff artificial intelligence factory automation (CIM) operating core transaction processing

  22. failure to allocate • imbalance in distribution: centralize/decentralize • duplication of data in functional IS • technical divide

  23. summary • developed sense of context for: • organizations • information technology • information systems • described some of advances and failures of the old context

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