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Electric Forces and Fields Pgs. 628-653

Electric Forces and Fields Pgs. 628-653. Electric Charge. Two kinds of electric charges Positive Negative. Unlike charges attract Like charges repel. Electric charges are conserved No charge is destroyed or created In an atom:

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Electric Forces and Fields Pgs. 628-653

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  1. Electric Forces and FieldsPgs. 628-653

  2. Electric Charge • Two kinds of electric charges • Positive • Negative

  3. Unlike charges attract Like charges repel

  4. Electric charges are conserved • No charge is destroyed or created • In an atom: • Electrons are gained or lost making the atom charged – called ions

  5. Electric charge is quantized • Charge occurs as discrete amounts in nature • Charge is always a multiple of a fundamental unit of charge • Symbol for charge is q (sometimes use e) • SI unit for charge is the coulomb (C)

  6. Transfer of Electric Charge • Conductors • Materials that transfer charge freely • Ex. metals • Insulators • Materials that do not transfer charge easily • Ex. glass, rubber, cloth, plastic

  7. Semiconductors • Materials that fall between conductors and insulators • In their pure state – insulators • When specific atoms are added – increased ability to conduct charge • Superconductors • Perfect conductors when they are at or below certain temperatures

  8. Three ways to charge conductors and insulators • 1. Charged by contact • materials must be touching to transfer charge • 2. Charged by induction • Induction – process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object and grounding the conductor

  9. 3. Charged by polarization • Polarization – in the presence of a charged object, the centers of charge in an insulator are realigned • This realignment of charge allows an object with a net charge of zero to attract or repel objects

  10. Charged objects exert a force on each other (Electric Force) • The closer two charges are, the greater the force between them • The force between two charges is proportional to the product of the two charges • Electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charges

  11. kC =8.99 x 109 N•m2/C2

  12. The electron and proton of a hydrogen atom are separated, on average, by a distance of 5.3 x 10-11 m. Find the magnitude of the electric force.

  13. Electric Force is a field force • Coulomb quantified electric force with a torsion balance

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