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Section 2 Introduction to Cells

Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Chapter 4. Objectives. Describe the three basic parts of a cell. Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Chapter 4. Basic Parts of a Cell.

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Section 2 Introduction to Cells

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  1. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Objectives • Describethe three basic parts of a cell. • Compareprokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

  2. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Basic Parts of a Cell • The three basic parts of a cell are the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. • Pg 74 – Figure 4-6 shows surface of cell membrane and the diagram below is also shown

  3. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Basic Parts of a Cell, continued • Plasma Membrane • The cell’s outer boundary, called theplasma membrane(or the cell membrane), covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell. • All materials enter or exit through the plasma membrane

  4. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Basic Parts of a Cell, continued • Cytoplasm • The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus is called thecytoplasm.

  5. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Basic Parts of a Cell, continued • Nucleus • The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains a cell’s DNA. • This is often called the control center of cells

  6. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Two Basic Types of Cells • Prokaryotes • Prokaryote cellslack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • Prokaryotes are divided into domains Bacteria and Archaea • These existed on Earth beforeEukaryotes

  7. Section 2 Introduction to Cells Chapter 4 Two Basic Types of Cells, continued • Eukaryotes • Eukaryote cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • Eukaryotes cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells • Amoeba is an example of a Eukaryotic cell • Ex. Pg 75, Figure 4-8 shows white blood cell (eukaryotic) attacking a much smaller bacteria cell (prokaryotic) • Organelles are intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell

  8. ProkaryoteTwo Cell Types Eukaryote No nucleus Nucleus No membrane- Many organelles bound organelles Existed first Existed second small large Circular chromosome linear chromosome Binary fission mitosis

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