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Animal Behavior

Animal Behavior. Chapter 33. 33.1 What You’ll Learn…. What questions help scientists study behavior? What factors influence behavior? How does evolution shape behavior? What factors cause innate behavior? What are examples of learned behavior?. 33.1 Why It Matters?.

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Animal Behavior

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  1. Animal Behavior Chapter 33

  2. 33.1 What You’ll Learn… • What questions help scientists study behavior? • What factors influence behavior? • How does evolution shape behavior? • What factors cause innate behavior? • What are examples of learned behavior?

  3. 33.1 Why It Matters? • Behavior shapes how animals interact with the environment & with each other.

  4. Questions About Behavior • Behavior: an action that an individual carries out in response to a stimulus. • Stimulus: any action or agent that causes or changes an activity in an organism. • Response: any biological reaction or behavior resulting from the application of a stimulus. • Behavior = Stimulus + Response

  5. Questions About Behavior • How vs. Why Questions • Why do squirrels bury nuts? • Howdoes a squirrel select which nuts to bury?

  6. Influences on Behavior • Genes, the Environment, and Behavior • Nature vs. Nurture? • Behavior is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors!

  7. Evolution of Behavior • Natural Selection and Behavior

  8. Innate Behavior • Fixed Action Pattern

  9. Learned Behavior • Habituation

  10. Learned Behavior • Problem Solving

  11. Learned Behavior • Associative Learning • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning

  12. Learned Behavior • Sensitive Periods • Imprinting

  13. 33.1 Section Review • List the 2 questions that help scientists study behavior. • Describe influences on behavior. • Explain how evolution shapes behavior. • State what influences innate behavior.

  14. 33.1 Summary • Scientists studying behavior ask 2 kinds of questions- “how” & “why” questions. • The production of behavior is controlled by both genetic & environmental factors. • Natural selection favors traits (such as behaviors) that increase an individual’s reproductive success. • Innate behaviors may be greatly influenced by genes, but these behaviors are not necessarily fixed. Some innate behaviors may be modified by experience. • Learning can occur through habituation, problem solving, classical conditioning, & operant conditioning. • Behavior • Stimulus • Response • Innate Behavior • Fixed Action Pattern • Learning • Reasoning • Conditioning • Imprinting

  15. 33.2 What You’ll Learn… • What behaviors are essential for survival? • How do animals communicate with each other? • How do animals maximize reproductive success?

  16. 33.2 Why It Matters? • Foraging, antipredator, & reproductive behaviors are critical for an animal’s survival. • They determine how an animal interacts with individuals of its own & other species.

  17. Classes of Behavior • Survival Strategies • Modes of Communication • Reproductive Strategies

  18. Survival Strategies Foraging Behavior associated with the search for, obtaining, and consumption of food.

  19. Survival Strategies Foraging Behavior Antipredator Behavior

  20. Survival Strategies • Foraging Behavior • Antipredator Behavior • Cyclic Behavior • Seasonal Behaviors • Hibernation

  21. Survival Strategies Migration In general, any movement of individuals or populations from one location to another. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rko78QktS9A

  22. Survival Strategies Circadian Rhythm A biological daily cycle.

  23. Modes of Communication Communication A transfer of a signal or message from one animal to another that results in some type of response.

  24. Modes of Communication • Sight • Chemicals • Touch • Sound • Language

  25. Modes of Communication Sight Chemicals Touch Sound Language

  26. Modes of Communication Sight Chemicals Touch Sound Language

  27. Modes of Communication Sight Chemicals Touch Sound Language

  28. Modes of Communication Sight Chemicals Touch Sound Language

  29. Reproductive Strategies Courtship Any behavior that leads to mating and the rearing of young. Sexual Selection Male Competition

  30. Reproductive Strategies • Social Behavior

  31. Reproductive Strategies Territorial Behavior The behavior pattern exhibited by an animal in defending its territory.

  32. Sexual Selection Sexual Selection An evolutionary mechanism by which a mate is chosen on the basis of a particular trait. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7QZnwKqopo

  33. Reproductive Strategies Parental Care

  34. Reproductive Strategies • Cooperative Behavior • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7VqIWkFe60

  35. 33.2 Section Review • Define the key skills for survival. • Describe how communication signals influence behavior. • List the types of behavior that increases reproductive success, & give an example of 1 type.

  36. 33.2 Summary • The survival of an individual depends on finding resources, such as food, & avoiding predators. • Animals use signals to influence the behavior of other animals. Many kinds of signals can be used for this purpose. • During a breeding period, animals perform mating & parenting behaviors. These behaviors, in different ways, maximize reproductive success. • Foraging • Migration • Circadian Rhythm • Communication • Territorial Behavior • Courtship • Sexual Selection

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