Bacteria #_____ A HO

1. Bacteria#_____ A HO THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!!!

2. Bacteria • _________________ GENETIC MATERIAL IN THEIR CELLS IS NOT CONTAINED IN A NUCLEUS • Most known prokaryotes are BACTERIA • ________ CELLED ORGANISMS • LIVE ALMOST ANYWHERE

3. Parts of a Bacterial Cell • ___________ • Container surrounding the cell wall

4. Parts of a Bacterial Cell • ______________ • outer covering that protects the cell • Cell ___________ • Controls what goes in and out of the cell (also called plasma membrane)

5. Parts of a Bacterial Cell • Cytoplasm • Gel-like material inside the cell membrane • Ribosomes • Chemical factories where proteins are produced

6. Parts of a Baceterial Cell • DNA • __________ material • Contains instructions for all of the cell’s _______________

7. Parts of a Bacterial Cell • Flagellum • Plural _____________ • Long, whip-like structure to help cell ___________ • May have many, 1, or none • Most do not have any & are carried from place to place by: • ____________ • Water currents • Other objects

8. Cell Size • Largest • Size of a period in a sentence • Normal • Measured in micrometers- 1 millionth of a meter • Need ________________ to see!!

9. 3 Bacterial Shapes • _______ (Coccus) • Spherical

10. 3 Bacterial Shapes • Bacilli (Bacillus) • ____________

11. 3 Bacterial Cell Shapes • Spirilla (Spirochetes) • ____________ Shaped

12. Obtaining Food & Energy • Bacteria must have: • A source of ____________ • A way of breaking down the food to release its __________________ • Bacteria are both ________________ and heterotophs

13. Obtaining Energy • Autotroph • __________ their own food by: • Capture and use ___________ energy (like plants do) • Use energy from chemical substances in their _______________ to make food Examples: bacteria in pond cause the green cloudy scum in water, bacteria in hot springs use chemical energy to make food

14. Obtaining Energy • Heterotroph • ______________ other organisms or the food other organisms make • Example: ____________ in yogurt breaks down the sugars in milk for food

15. Obtaining Food and Energy: Releasing Energy • ________________ • Process of breaking down food to release energy • ______________ bacteria- use oxygen for respiration • Anaerobic bacteria- do not use ____________ for respiration - Some can’t even survive around oxygen

16. Bacterial Reproduction • When bacteria have: 1. Plenty of _________________ 2. Correct _____________ 3. Suitable conditions they thrive and reproduce frequently. Some can reproduce as often as every ______ minutes!!!!!!

17. Bacterial Reproduction • Asexual • Involves only 1 parent and produces offspring identical to the parent • Most bacteria reproduce this way- it is called ___________ ____________ • Cell duplicates/copies the _____________ material • Cell divides into _______ separate cells

18. Binary Fissionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLpFJ1JeRYs

19. Bacterial Reproduction • Sexual • __________ parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents • Sometimes occurs • Called: • _______________

20. Bacterial Reproduction • Conjugation • Thread-like bridge forms between bacteria • One transfers _____ to another • Cells separate • Bacteria has new __________ material • Divides by binary fission producing new bacteria that are genetically _________ from the parent cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-EdX4MaMFE http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/bacterial_conjugation.mov

21. Bacterial Reproduction • Endospore Formation • Sometimes conditions are harsh for bacteria to survive • Form __________________ for survival • Endospores- small, rounded, thick-walled, restless cell that forms inside a bacterial cell • Contains cells genetic material & _____________

22. Role of Bacteria in Nature • Most bacteria are harmless/helpful to humans • Bacteria are involved in 1. Oxygen and _________ production 2. Environmental __________ and cleanup 3. Health maintenance 4. ____________ production

23. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • Autotrophic bacteria use _____________ energy to produce food and release oxygen • First autotrophic bacteria responsible for adding oxygen to our atmosphere

24. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • Food Production • Bacteria help make • ___________ • Sauerkraut • Pickles • Milk and other foods goes through _________________ • Food is heated up to temperature that is high enough to kill harmful bacteria without changing the taste of that food • Named after Louis Pasteur

25. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • ________________ Recycling • Heterotrophic Decomposers • Organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals • “Natures ________________” • Bacteria break down leaves on ground • _________________ Fixing Bacteria • Live in __________ and swellings on the roots of plants • Convert nitrogenous gas from air into nitrogen products plants need

26. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • Environmental Clean-up • __________ eating bacteria • Convert poisonous chemicals in _____________ into harmless substances • Used in oil spills and gas leaks

27. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • Health and Medicine • Bacteria in your digestive system • _____________ food • Make ___________________ • Compete with disease causing organisms preventing harmful bacteria

28. The Role of Bacteria in Nature • Medicine • 1970’s- the first medicine producing bacteria was discovered • _____________ producing bacteria for diabetics

29. Bacteria • What are the five ways to “kill” bacteria? • What are the three shapes of bacteria?