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The Swine Industry

The Swine Industry. Objectives. Understand importance of the swine industry Overview of the structure of the swine industry Become familiar with terms Breeds. Swine Industry: Structural Overview. Concentrated in the Midwest Area of major corn and soybean production

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The Swine Industry

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  1. The Swine Industry

  2. Objectives • Understand importance of the swine industry • Overview of the structure of the swine industry • Become familiar with terms • Breeds

  3. Swine Industry: Structural Overview • Concentrated in the Midwest • Area of major corn and soybean production • Major feed ingredients- complementary of each other

  4. Corn Production Primary Energy Source= Corn

  5. Soybean Production Primary Protein Source= Soybean

  6. Concentration in Midwest • Why not expand? • Environmental Issues/Concerns • Why Midwest? • Large open land mass • Sparse population • Receptive to agriculture • Precedent: Feedlots

  7. Vertical Integration • What is vertical integration? • Integrating several stages of production into single management of one organization Seedstock Farrow to Finish Packer/Processor

  8. Sectors of the Swine Industry • Seedstock Production • Sell breeding stock (boars and gilts) • Supply the genetic base for change • Traditional Producers: produce purebred stock for use in crossbreeding programs • Hybrid: carefully orchestrated crossbred

  9. Feeder Pig Production • Maintain breeding herd • Product sold: feeder pigs • 40 to 60 lbs. • 2 months of age

  10. Farrowing • Process of sow/gilt giving birth • Farrowing stalls: • Protect baby pig • Provide dual heat • Drip coolers for sow • Heat pads/lamps for pigs

  11. Feeder Pig Production • Production Factors • Reproductive Performance • Average of 2.5 litters/yr • Weaned litter size of 10-12 pigs • 21 day litter weight- reflects milk production

  12. Feeder Pig Production • Reproductive Traits are lowly heritable • Must properly manage the environment • Minimize disease • Provide disease adequate nutrition

  13. Grower-Finisher Operations • Purchase Feeder Pigs • Product sold: market hogs • Sold at 250 lbs • 5-6 months of age Average daily Gain (ADG) 2 lbs Feed Conversion: 3 lbs of feed to 1 lb of gain

  14. Grower-Finisher Operations • Who’s leaner? Gilts or Barrows • Who eats more feed? Gilts or Barrows • Who grows faster? Gilts or Barrows • Who is more efficient? Gilts or Barrows

  15. Terms • Gilt: Young Female • Sow: Mature Female • Boar pig: Young, Intact Male • Boar: Mature, Intact Male • Barrow: Young, Castrated Male • Stag: Mature, Castrated Male

  16. Terms • Farrowing: Act of giving birth • Weaning: Withdrawing young from mother’s milk

  17. Landrace • White • Long Bodied • Floppy Ears • Mothering Ability

  18. Berkshire • Black with 6 white points • Carcass

  19. Duroc • Red • Floppy Ears • Mothering ability • Growth Rate

  20. Hampshire • Black with white belt • Erect Ears • Muscle and Carcass Leaness

  21. Spotted • Black and white • Has Spots! • Efficient Gains

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