Theme Group 3

1. Theme Group 3 • Space Physics • Four faculty • Experimental/observational space physics • Plasma Physics • Ten faculty • Theoretical and experimental efforts • Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos • Six faculty (one on leave to ICTP – Trieste) • Theoretical and experimental efforts • Biophysics • Two faculty (overlapping with statistical physics and NLD above) Theme Group 3

2. Space Physics • Faculty • George Gloeckler (Distinguished University Prof.) • Glenn Mason (Prof.) • Doug Hamilton (Prof.) • Eun-suk Seo (Asst. Prof.) • Research scientists • Fred Ipavich (Senior Res. Sci.) • Mihir Desai (Assoc. Res. Sci.) • Matthew Hill (Asst. Res. Sci.) Theme Group 3

3. The University of Maryland Space Physics Group studies topics of space plasma physics by developing innovative instrumentation for satellites and deep space probes that determine ion elemental, isotopic, and charge state composition over a broad energy range from 10 eV to 100 MeV. Research interests include universal elemental and isotopic abundances, particle acceleration processes in nature, solar wind formation, origins of magnetospheric plasma, and propagation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. The Group currently has 14 instruments operating on 10 different spacecraft. Theme Group 3

4. U. Maryland Low Energy Particle Telescope (LEPT) first detects Voyager 1’s approach to the solar wind termination shock at 85 AU in 2002 600 AU Model of the Heliosphere Temperature of the solar wind and interstellar plasma 700 keV - 600 MeV Averaging Interval: 11/9/02-12/31/02 H+ He+ O+ H+  He+  O+  Flux (1/cm2 -s-sr-MeV) 400 AU new component Kinetic Energy (MeV) Heliopause 200 AU Heliosheath Termination Shock •Voyager 1 Sun Zank & Müller 2003 0 -400 AU -200 AU 0 200 AU -600 AU T(K): 8 000 40 000 200 000 1 000 000 Theme Group 3

5. U. Maryland Charge Energy Mass Spectrometer (CHEMS) on Cassini records “fingerprints” of ion composition at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn Saturn Earth Jupiter mass (amu) mass per charge (amu/e) Theme Group 3

6. Space Physics • Young scientists • One graduate student • Five undergraduates • One post-doc. • Well funded • Issues • Retirements (Mason and Gloeckler in 2005) • New hires Theme Group 3

7. Plasma Physics • Faculty - Theory • Antonsen, Dorland (Assistant) • Drake, Hassam • Liu (on leave), Papadopoulos • Sagdeev (DUP) • Faculty – Experiments • Derek Boyd, Richard Ellis (Assoc.) • Howard Milchberg, Adil Hassam • Research scientists • Guzdar, Nusinovich, Shay (asst.), Sitnov (asst.) • Hans Griem, Alan DeSilva, Ray Elton Theme Group 3

8. Theory and Simulation of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses in Gas and Plasma T. Antonsen & H. Milchberg Projects • relativistic self-focusing and Raman instability in plasmas • coherent ionization scattering instability • resonant heating of clusters • nonlinear optics if gasses of exploding clusters • efficient simulation algorithms Applications • plasma based particle accelerators • X-Ray sources Laser Pulse Simulation of Ionization Scattering Instabilty Theme Group 3

9. The MARYLAND CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENT (MCX)An experiment to test a novel concept for magnetic fusion Conventional: “bead” held to closed magnetic loop Innovation: bead held centrifugally to rotating, “shaped coat-hanger” magnetic line Magnetic mirror, azimuthal rotation • Achievements to date: • Rotation at > Mach 3 • Steady operation for > 1000 instability growth times • Minimum requirements: • Supersonic Rotation • No destructive instabilities Theme Group 3

10. Magnetic Reconnection • The annihilation of oppositely directed magnetic fields through magnetic reconnection is the dominant process for dissipation magnetic energy in laboratory plasma experiments and the universe as a whole. • One of the key scientific topics in the field of plasma physics. • Prof. Drake, Dr. Shay, colleagues and students at UMCP have played a lead role in the development of a new theoretical model of magnetic reconnection. • The essence of this model has now been confirmed in measurements in laboratory experiments and satellites in the Earth’s magnetosphere. • Signficant scientific questions such as how reconnection produces the large number of energetic particles observed in data remain to be answered. Theme Group 3

11. Many astrophysical plasmas, like plasmas created in the laboratory in the magnetic confinement fusion program, are essentially collisionless.Nonlinearity, long mean-free-pathphysics, wave-particle resonances and non-trivial geometries are important elements of calculations. Turbulence in Hot, Magnetized PlasmaGyrokinetics for astrophysics and magnetic confinement fusion research • Principal Achievements: • Major theory support for several laboratory expts, in US and internationally • First predictions of particle and electron energy transport • Only fully electromagnetic code for this kind of turbu- lence. Allows calculation of heating in hot accretion flows, where B0 is relatively weak. Visualization from UM simulation of turbulence in Princeton’s NSTX expt. • Critical Contributions: • Turbulence-induced fluxes, heating • Fluctuation spectra for expt. tests Theme Group 3

12. Grad Students, PostDocs, Visitors • 16 Grad students, all supported • 6 Undergrads • 6 PhD’s in last 5 years • 1 Postdoc • 4 Visitors Theme Group 3

13. Funding • Total Annual Funding: $2.52M • DOE = 1.12M • NSF = 0.48M • ONR = 0.48M • NASA = 0.54M • MURI = 9.8M Theme Group 3

14. Current Research Focus of Theory Group- Areas of Leadership for Future • Turbulence in Magnetized Plasmas and Transport • Fusion, Astrophysics, Solar Wind • Reconnection and Rearrangement of Magnetic Fields and production of energetic particles • Fusion, Astrophysics, Solar-Terrestrial • Innovations in Confinement for Fusion FUSION SCIENCE CENTER, “Center for Multiscale Dynamics”, $1.4M collaboration with UCLA, MCX Theme Group 3

15. Plasma Theorists and Experimentalistsare closely coupled • MCX (Ellis) - Hassam • LASER-PLASMA (Milchberg) - Antonsen • TOKAMAKS (PPL, GA, MIT) - Dorland, Guzdar, Drake • RECONNECTION EXPTS (several) - Drake Theme Group 3

16. Project Personnel/Funding Intense Laser – Matter Interactions PI : Milchberg Physics Dept Collaborators : Antonsen NSF, DOE, misc : ~600 K$/yr - 1 post doc, ~5 grad students Maryland Centrifugal Experiment PIs : Ellis, Hassam Physics Dept Collaborators : Griem, DeSilva, Elton DOE : ~ 400 K$/yr - 2 post docs, 3 grad students Plasma Spectroscopy PI : Griem, Elton DOE, NSF : ~ 300 K$/yr – 1 post doc Strongly Coupled Plasmas PIs : DeSilva, Griem NSF : ~ 130K$/yr Electron Measurements on DIII-D Tokamak PI : Ellis DOE/GA : ~ 30 K$/yr Theme Group 3

17. SUMMARY • Plasma Theory and Experiment at UM are integrally coupled • There is unanimous agreement between theorists and experimentalists that Plasma Physics at UM would be greatly enhanced by the addition of a young experimentalist Theme Group 3

18. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos • Faculty • Wolfgang Losert (Asst. Prof.) • Daniel Lathrop (Assoc. Prof.) • Rajarshi Roy (Prof.) • K.R. Sreenivasan (Dist. Univ. Prof – on leave to ICTP) • Ed Ott (Dist. Univ. Prof.) • James Yorke (Dist. Univ. Prof.) • Research scientists • Parvez Guzdar (Senior Res. Sci.) • Istvan Szunyogh (Assoc. Res. Sci.) Theme Group 3

19. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics Faculty (in Physics) 5+1 (theory and experiment) Students>30 Intellectual Community on Campus - Physics (Condensed Matter Phyiscs, Plasma Physics,…) - Mathematics - Institute for Physical Science and Technology (IPST) - Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP) Collaborations with nearby laboratories NASA, NIST, NIH, NRL National/International collaborations Theme Group 3

20. Students in Nonlinear Dynamics Theoretical S. J. Baek - Globally coupled chaotic systems Romulus Breban - Phase synchronization, fractal basin boundaries Somantika Datta - Chaos Chris Danforth - Weather prediction, shadowing Ian Frommer - Dynamics of network traffic Angela Grant - Chaotic dynamics J. T. Halbert - Chaos John Harlim - Weather prediction Ryan Lance - Dynamics of network traffic Su Li - Chaotic billiards Mike Oczkowski - Weather prediction Will Ott - Dynamical systems Jonathan Ozik - Dynamics of granular media Brandy Rapatski - Modeling the AIDS epidemic Juan G. Restrepo - Branching networks Suzanne Sindi - Genomics Yue-Kin Tsang - Two dimensional turbulence Cevat Ustun - Genomics Xing "Henry" Zheng - Wave Chaos Aleksey Zimin - Weather prediction, genomics Experimental Greg Bewley - Cryogenic Turbulence Peter Bradford - Biophysics Matt Ferguson - Biophysics Kaveri Joshi - Sodium Convection Bhaskar Khubchandani - Pulse propigation in optical fibers Min-Young Kim - Semiconductor laser dynamics Wing-Shun Lam - Semiconductor laser dynamics Dan Lanterman - Dynamo magentic field generation Kyuyong Lee - Crystal growth patterns Ryan McAllister - Synchronization of chaotic lasers Michael Newey - Dynamics of granular media Elizabeth Rogers - Fiber laser dynamics, spatio-temporal chaos Woodrow Shew - Dynamo magnetic field generation Dan Sisan - Dynamo magnetic field generation Justin Stambaugh - Dynamics of magnetized particle ensembles Nicolas Taberlet - Dynamics of granular media Masahiro Toiya - Dynamics of granular media Santiago Triana - Dynamo magnetic field generation Dan Zimmerman - Dynamo magnetic field generation Theme Group 3

21. Success Stories • The term “Chaos” • Control of Chaos • Weather Prediction (new) • #1 Ranking in Nonlinear Dynamics • Careers of past grad students from faculty jobs to Wall Street Theme Group 3

22. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Physics • Areas: • Fluid Dynamics (advection, turbulence, granular flow) • Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics • Quantum Chaos • Nonlinear Optics • Spatio-temporal Dynamics (Universality of spatial patterns e.g. spirals, stripes) • Weather Prediction • Biophysics Theme Group 3

23. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics Communication through Chaos Geometric Fractals Theme Group 3 Biodynamics Dynamos Fluid Turbulence

24. Eutectic Crystal Growth 0 Controlling material micro and nanostructure with light Grain boundaries guided by light Theme Group 3

25. Nonlinear Dynamics Geophysics Theme Group 3

26. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos • Theory retirements likely • New theory hires could be at world-class level Theme Group 3

27. Biophysics • Faculty (in Physics – joint w/ IPST) • Michael Fisher (theory, molecular motors) • Wolfgang Losert (experiment, cell motility, nonlinear dynamics) • New hire 2005 (experiment, TBD) • New hire 2006 (experiment?) • Faculty in Chemistry (Thirumalai, Lorimer, Munoz, Beckett), Biology (Columbini, Sukharev) • Post-Docs • Erin Rericha (cell motility) • MEF Postdoc • Graduate Students in Physics • 3 Students – experiment, 3 Students - joint w/ NIH • MEF students • Undergraduates • 3 students and one high school student • Biophysics Graduate Partnership Program with NIH • Funding: ONR, NSF, NIH Theme Group 3

28. Dynamics of Biomaterials • Aim: Analyze the dynamics of complex biological structures • Analytical Tools: • Nonlinear dynamics (theory of pattern formation) • Far from equilibrium dynamics (fluctuation theorems) • Experimental Techniques: • Two-photon confocal for 3D imaging and perturbations of the interior of samples • Holographic laser tweezer array for the manipulation of complex systems of biomaterials Theme Group 3

29. Optical micromanipulation with holographic laser tweezers 2 1 3 4 • Manipulation of cells with multiple holographic tweezers Turning carbon nanotubes with optical vortices Theme Group 3

30. Biophysics - Research Program • Optical Biophysics Lab – studies of cell motility • Tools to image and micromanipulate mechanics and biochemistry of moving cells: Holographic laser tweezers and two-photon confocal microscope. • Honors/ Awards: • Student Research Achievement Awards at the Biophysical Society Meeting 2004 and 2005. • Future Directions • Graduate Biophysics Program in IPST • Undergraduate Biophysics Track in Physics • Graduate and undergraduate Biophysics Course (in Physics) • Limiting Issues • Low Quality of space – no air/gas/distilled water lines, no shared ice, -80oC freezers, autoclave… • No shared lab and sample preparation facilities / lab technician Theme Group 3