C hapter 13: The High Middle Ages Section II: Trade and Towns Grow

1. Chapter 13: The High Middle AgesSection II: Trade and Towns Grow By : Megan Fox World History Period 1

2. A. The Revival of Trade • Main Idea: development of trade fairs and trade centers created an interest in Western European trade in the later Middle Ages.

3. A. The Revival of Trade Trade at home and Abroad • Fairs where merchants could sell and exchange goods offered one of the best means for local trade. • Fairs grew up at key locations on trading routes, which were often near rivers. • Fairs in Flanders were held in cities such as Bruges and Ypres.

4. A. The Revival of Trade Regional Trade Routes • Trade Routes in the later Middle Ages centered on two regions. • The Northern Region was in the area of the Baltic and North Seas. • The Southern Region was in the area of the Mediterranean.

5. B. The Growth of Towns Main idea:The growth in trade was linked to the development of towns and cities especially in Northern Italy and its surrounding regions.

6. B. The Growth of Towns Merchants and the New Middle Class • It has been estimated that 1,000 new towns developed in Western Europe • The population of early European towns ranged from a few hundred to two or three thousands • Merchants and craftspeople became burghers, or free town citizens , who enjoyed the right of personal liberty

7. B. The Growth Of Towns Establishing Guilds • Merchants and craftspeople living in cities formed groups or associations called guilds. • The basic purpose of a guild was to promote the business and the personal well-being of its members • A boy would typically begin work in trade or crafts as an apprentice for a master craft worker

8. C. Plague and Social Upheaval Main idea: In the fourteenth century, Western Europe Suffered a series of disasters, in particular, the plague called the Black Death.

9. C. Plague and Social Upheaval The Spread of the Plague • Between 1347 and 1352, the Black Death killed about 25 million people • It spread from Asia to Sicily, North through Italy into the rest of Europe, Scandinavia and even as far as Iceland and Greenland - In England about 1,000 villages disappeared completely

10. C. Plague and Social Upheaval Consequences of the Black Death • The Black Death was a significant natural event during the middle Ages • The Black death Destroyed populations, society, and economies • It was hard to produce goods and food because of too few workers.

11. D. Life and Culture Main idea: The Later Middle Ages witnessed such cultural achievements as beginnings of universities and development of literature.

12. D. Life and Culture Philosophy, Education, and Literature • St. Thomas Aquinas was an important philosopher. • Before the Middle Ages people spoke Latin. • In the Middle Ages people spoke vernacular or, everyday language.

13. D. Life and Culture Two Medieval Writers • Dante Alighieri wrote in the vernacular, or the language spoken by residents of Florence • Dante is the father of Italian literature . • Geoffrey Chaucer was a English poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales. • The Canterbury Tales is a poem about pilgrims point of view

14. Fairs in Flanders • Fairs where merchants that exchanged goods • Flanders is a medieval country in North Europe that included regions like Northern France, Belgium and southwestern Netherlands