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Uganda: Country Report on Sustainable Rural Development. By Kuruhiira Godfrey. M.A -Akiiki. Map of Uganda. Established 1926, got independence in 1962 and became a republic 1967. Initially under a federal system composed of traditional kingdoms with 65 ethnic groups
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Uganda: Country Report on Sustainable Rural Development By Kuruhiira Godfrey. M.A -Akiiki
Established 1926, got independence in 1962 and became a republic 1967. Initially under a federal system composed of traditional kingdoms with 65 ethnic groups Member of the East African community Lead under a decentralized governance system Background
Background Cont’d • Language: English (official), Swahili & Local ones • Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Islam 16%, indigenous beliefs 18% • Location: coordinates1 00 N, 32 00 E by the equator. • Area: 236,040 sq km (land: 199,710 sq km and water: 36,330 sq km). • Lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m & highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Rwenzori 5,110 m.
Economic summary • Economic summary:GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $29.04 billion; per capita $900. • Real growth rate: 6.5%. • Inflation: 6.8%. • Agriculture: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers, beef, goat meat, milk, poultry Cocoa & Vanilla. • Labor force: over 15 million; agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13%.
Economic summary Cont’d • Industries: sugar, tea, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production. • Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, Oil and gold. • Exports: coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products;. • Imports: capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals.
Climate • Land use: Arable 22%, permanent under crops is 8.92% (Plantations), other: 69.51% and Irrigated land is 90 sq km. • Rainfall pattern: Bi-modal (two seasons crop farming in most areas) Well-watered (lakes and rivers widespread). • High altitude (favorable climate) temperatures 17.2 - 29 degrees centigrade.
Demographic characteristics • Total Population: 32 million people, • Growth rate: 3.6 percent • Density: 124 persons per Sq. Km • Urban population: 12%. • Sex ration: 95 male per 100 females, • Literacy rate: 70% • Rural population: over 80%, • Below the poverty line: 36%
Demographic Cont’d In the Rural population: • Access to electricity: 8%, • Households on subsistence farming: 68% • Dwelling units constructed with permanent roof, wall and floor materials. 17% • Communication: 55% households use “word of mouth” as their main source of information.
Rural Development in Uganda The strategy is hinged on the Poverty Eradication Action plan (PEAP) that aims at increasing; • Productivity of the rural poor • Household incomes, • Access to financial services, • Markets for the local products.
Rural Development Cont’d To be achieved through: • Modernization of Agriculture, • Increasing the literacy levels, • Control of HIV/AIDS, • Improving the general health of the people and • Reduction of the mortality rate. • Promoting good governance and Rights
Prosperity For All Strategy Prosperity for all (PFA) focuses on transforming rural subsistence production to commercialized levels. • Optimally use their land with increased access to extension services enterprise selection • Strengthening their farmer Institutions • Employment creation and productivity • Increased household incomes. • Facilitate Value addition and marketing.
Prosperity For All Strategy Providing farmers with: • Providing high quality input, access to the market and market price information • Empowering farmers to demand and evaluate services utilized • Increasing access to financial services and promotion of farmer resource pooling in Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) • The practice is selection of 6 households per parish to form transformation demonstration and learning centres.
Prosperity For All Strategy • The strategy helps households gain and document Knowledge, deepen rural poor participation in development. • Borrowed knowledge and practices from other communities strengthens local knowledge and practices • It strengthens the capacity of a cadre of community change agents sensitive to concerns small holder farmers’ for productivity • Creates a critical mass of transformation agents to assist poor, vulnerable, disfranchised and powerless people.
The president inspecting a farmer Zoning and political Commitment
Government Interventions on Rural Development • The Poverty Eradication Action plan (PEAP) • Introduced in 1997, PEAP is a Comprehensive Development Programme framework multi-sectoral approach with the following goals: • Creating a framework for rapid economic growth and structural transformation • Ensuring good governance and security
PEAP Cont’d • Directly increasing the ability of the poor to raise incomes; and • Directly increasing the quality of life of the poor. • However, the National Planning Authority is currently reviewing the PEAP to replace it with the National Development Plan
Government programmes in RD • Plan for modernization of Agriculture (PMA) • Peace, recovery and Development Plan (PRDP) in Northern Uganda • Poverty Action Fund (PAF) • National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO) • National Livestock productivity Improvement programme (NALPIP)
Gov’t Progs in RD Cont’d • Support to decentralization through the Local Government Management and Service Fund (LGMS) • National Agriculture Advisory Services programme (NAADS) • Community Agricultural Infrastructure Improvement Programme (CAIIP) • Community Information Management System (CIS)
Gov’t Progs in RD Cont’d • Universal Primary Education (UPE) • Universal Secondary Education (USE) • Primary Health Care (PHC) support out reaches and construction of HCs IV, III &II • Rural and Sanitation Programme and Feeder and community Access roads improvement • Functional Adult Literacy (FAL)
Gov’t Progs in RD Cont’d • Northern Uganda Action Fund (NUSAF) • Peace Reconciliation and development Plan (PRDP) for northern Uganda • Karamoja Development programme (KDP)
Country Best Practices Rural Development
Best Practices Rural Development • Increasing the Peoples Productivity – farmers have been assisted in enterprise selection – perennial , seasonal and off farm enterprise • Increasing Household Incomes – 6 households per parish targeting to earn 20million ($10,000) • Access to Financial Services – over 20,000 SACCOs Established in 938 Sub counties with Share Capital of 21 Billion, savings of 54 Billion and loan portfolio of 65 billion
Best Practices Cont’d • Increasing Markets for the Local Products markets facilities and Centers for market information have been established • Enhancing Civil Society Involvement in Rural Development – a Civil Society support Fund (CSF) in place • Strengthened Farmer Institutions – farmer groups from the village to National farmers forum have enhanced demand for service delivery and accountability
Country • Main Rural Development Challenges
Main Dev’t Challenges • Low average growth rate of about 5.6 % • High maternal and infant mortality at 435 per 100,000 and 87 per 1,000 • Private sector, NGOs, CBOs involvement is still very weak in this regard and not very well coordinated. • The farmers Institutions have not yet gained adequate clout to hold service providers & political leaders accountable
Main Dev’t Challenges Cont’d • High labour costs and high interests from Micro-Finance Institutions (MFI) • Changing Climatic conditions with elinio rains and new pests and diseases. • Low capacity and literacy of women who offer 80% of the farm labour. • Land fragmentation, grabbing and lack of user rights.
Main Dev’t Challenges Cont’d • Direct external investment in agricultural enterprises taking land and paying little for the labour • Use of labour based tools – hand hoes • Efficiency of the extension service delivery • Low budget allocation and dependency on external support of over 30% • brain drain a over 40% of the qualified persons leave the country
Prospects in Rural Development • Gov’ts attention on revitalizing the Community Development Function to enhance rural development. • Increased investment in community capacity building for effective use, management and sustainability of investment. • decentralization that has promoted bottom up planning and monitoring to sub-county level
Prospects in RD Cont’d • Gov’ts increased investment in RD by providing resources for Community mobilization, Capacity Building, rural infrastructure improvement (roads, electrification, small industries support and markets) • Strengthening of local governance structures and support of the Community Driven Development with small grants for parish level Community action Plans.
Prospects in RD Cont’d • Gov’t is Commitment to pursue a holistic –multi-sectoral intervention for effective extension service delivery and allocation of funds for enterprises development and support to SACCOs, • Gov’ts commitment to enhance the participation of CSOs in RD has led to increased evolution and involvement of these organizations. • Facilitation of people’s participation and responsiveness in the planning process in the Local Governments at all levels
Prospects in RD Cont’d • There is annual assessment of LGs on Value for money (VFM) & sustainable development initiative established with rewards and penalties on performance. • There is focus now on strengthening linkages between the various actors in the Local Government to promote transparency and accountability and the public – private partnership in improving service delivery.
End Thanks –Mwebale Please Come to Uganda