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Tell me what you know about the Middle Ages

Tell me what you know about the Middle Ages. Periodization. Early Middle Ages : 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages : 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages : 1250 - 1500. The Early Middle Ages. Middle Ages, Medieval ages , Dark ages ?.

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Tell me what you know about the Middle Ages

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  1. Tell me what you know about the Middle Ages

  2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

  3. The Early Middle Ages

  4. Middle Ages, Medieval ages , Dark ages ? • Middle as in time between the end of the Roman Empire and ancient civilization and the rebirth (Renaissance) of progress/growth in Europe • Medieval is “middle” in Latin • Early Middle Ages is called the Dark Age because it was not a great time in Europe: • Fall of Rome left vacuum filled by brutal warlords and “barbarians” • Much knowledge lost

  5. Celts Huns Goths Visigoths Ostrogoths Vandals Burgundians Britons and Picts Anglo-Saxons Jutes Angles Saxons Franks “Barbarians” of the Dark Ages

  6. Fact to know and remember Europe is the continent having a Dark Age Everyone else is not

  7. Britons Huns Celts 310 to 500 AD Africa

  8. Who and when are Arthur and Merlin? • No artifacts found • a half-forgotten Celtic deity that devolved into a personage ? • a Roman-British leader who fought against the invading Saxons ? • Castus, a Roman leader who led a group of Samatians near Hadrian’s Wall? • First appears in Welsh literature In a surviving early Welsh poem, The Gododdin (ca. AD 594) 400 to 500 AD?

  9. Mosaic of King Arthur on floor of Otranto Cathedral in Italy built in 500’s AD

  10. Arthur ?

  11. Merlin ?

  12. Valle Crucis Abbey near the town of Llangollen in North Wales.  The present ruins date from around the year 1200, but a monastic building has stood on this spot since the early Dark Ages(300-400). 

  13. Glastonbury Abbey- Avalon? • .

  14. How about Druids? • priestly class in ancient Celtic Iron Age societies • Acted as priest, arbitrator, healer, scholar, and magistrate. • Polytheists and animists, • All instruction was communicated orally, • Believed in reincarnation • Worshiped in groves of oak trees • Gone/no mention after 100 AD • Samhain = Halloween Base-relief found at Atun of two Druids

  15. Mabinogian • 1060 to 1200, • Collection of stories from Medieval Welsh • Rhiannon • Merlin/Taliesin • Evangeline Walton • The Chronicles of Prydain by LLyod Alexander • The Black Cauldron by Disney

  16. The Rise of the Franks • Franks originally from a Germanic tribe that settled in Belgium and the Netherlands • Merovingian's (The Matrix) Clovis • Carolingians- Charles Martel Pepin the Short Charlemagne

  17. Cruel, merciless United Franks by war Excellent military leader France gets name from the Franks Converted to Christianity Ordered his people to do so also Sons divided the Kingdom Clovis

  18. Charles Martel- His Calvary defeated invading Moors near Tours in France Halted the Islamic advance into Europe Martel means Hammer in English Pepin the Short- Crowned by Pope The Pope wants to holds authority over Kings Pepin wants Pope’s help to defeat invading Lombards from Germany Pope agrees to crown Pepin Pepin gave Land gained in Italy to Pope -Papal states Carolingians 714 to 843 AD

  19. Outstanding ruler with minimal formal education Religious, practical, and intelligent Good military skills- controlled Western Europe Good at PR-claimed descent from Mary and Joseph Drove Moors back across the Pyrenees Goal-Renewal of the Roman Empire Pope crowned him due to increasing mixture of secular and profane in government Capital at Aix-la-Chapelle in Germany Charlemagne- 768 AD

  20. Frankish weapons

  21. Charlemagne’s rule • Government of checks and balances • No direct taxes because his holdings supported the State • Monastic schools for nobles and intelligent lower classes • Libraries • Produced one standardized Bible • Encouraged people to convert

  22. Frankish costume

  23. The Frankish Empire declines Charlemagne’s son, Louis the Pious , was no Charlemagne Charlemagne’s descendents fought each other Kingdom broke up and splintered Four groups of invaders Viking (Scandinavia) Slav (eastern Russia) Magyar (Hungarians) Muslim (Arabia and North Africa)

  24. Magyars800’s AD • Resembled Attila the Hun because they were nomads and fierce so Franks called them “the Hun” • In WWII the Allies called Germany “the Hun” • Invaded the Frankish Empire from the East • Later settled down and eventually came to be the Kingdom of Hungary

  25. The Vikings 8th to 9th centuries

  26. Viking Weapons

  27. Viking Jewelry

  28. Where did the Vikings attack?

  29. Odin Thor

  30. Ride of the Valkyries

  31. The Varangian Guard Vikings made it as far as Russia (Rus and Rurik) and then to Constantinople where they became the Emperor’s personal bodyguards. Fought Muslims for the Emperor

  32. Medieval ages in Scandinavia were warmer than must of Europe Increased population and resources Then the “Little Ice Age” occurs in the 900’s Resources start to dwindle, people begin to starve Increased conversions to Christianity Rest of Europe becomes warmer, especially Britain Why did the Vikings go a-Viking and why did they stop?

  33. Society in the Middle Ages

  34. Feudalism- system of loyalties and protections during the Middle Ages. • King “the Man” • Lord-”the Boss Man” • Vassal- nobles who get land for supporting a Lord or a king • One could be a Lord and vassal at the same time • Fief or land grant-what the lord gives vassals in exchange for military support • Primogeniture- eldest son always inherits the Fief. • Freeman and artisans –few in the Middle Ages • The Church- could be a vassal • Serfs-most of us (not “the man”)

  35. The Manorial System • As the Roman Empire crumbled, Emperors granted land to nobles in exchange for their loyalty. • These lands were called manors. • A manor becomes the land owned by a noble and everything on it. • A typical manor consisted of a castle, small village, forestland and farmland. • Former landowners exchanged freedom for safety and became serfs that were “owned” by the Lord of the Manor

  36. Serfs • Serfs would often have to work three or four days a week for the lord as rent for the land they farmed • They would spend the rest of their week growing crops to feed their families. • Some serfs worked as sharecroppers. A sharecropper would turn over most of what he grew in order to be able to live on the land

  37. Manors • An economic unit onto itself • Self sufficient • A third to a half of all produced goes to the Lord and King. Rest to the Manor's serfs • Subsistence or Barely sustainable life for serfs • Short, hard , sickly life

  38. Duc de Berry Book of Hours

  39. Defense • Castles are Wood/Stone • Built to resist attack • Moats • Drawbridge • Keep • Window slits • Cold, dark, drafty, damp

  40. So how do enemies attack castles?

  41. KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE The Road to Knighthood

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