Chapter 9 section 4

1. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President pg.291 Learning Objectives: -We will learn about what happened between America and France in the XYZ Affair. -We will learn about why the Federalist Party split during John Adams’s presidency. -We will learn about the Alien and Sedition Acts and tell why the U.S. passed them. -We will learn about the surprise results of the 1800 election and tell how Congress fixed the problem. -We will learn about why Alexander Hamilton never became president.

2. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President pg.291

3. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President pg.291 Setting the Scene John Adams is described as short, pudgy, outspoken, and short tempered. He always did what he thought was best for the country, not always what was most popular.

4. The Second President Conflict with France Chapter 9 section 4 pg.291

5. The Second President Conflict with France Chapter 9 section 4 pg.291

6. The Second President Conflict with France Chapter 9 section 4 pg.291 FLORIDA The West Indies MEXICO SOUTH AMERICA

7. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291 The French did not like Jay’s Treaty. They felt that by the U.S. signing it, that they had made an alliance with Britain. So the French began doing what the British were doing, capturing our ships that were trading in the West Indies. The French hoped that we would have to negotiate a treaty with them as well.

8. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291 DIPLOMATS John Adams sent diplomats to France to talk to the French government about respecting our Neutrality. Diplomats work for the President to help carry out his foreign policy. When the diplomats arrived, they were not allowed to talk to the French Foreign Minister. Instead they were met by French Agents.

9. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291 French agents Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

10. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291 We are here to talk to Mr.Talleyrand about the neutrality of American ships! Charles Maurice de Talleyrand French Foreign Minister (like our Sec. of State) Bon Jour… how can we help you? French Agents American Diplomats X Y Z

11. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291 I want $250,000 to talk to me and a promise of a $10 million loan to France! Say what? Not a sixpence!!! We are American diplomats. We do not deal in bribes. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand French Foreign Minister (like our Sec. of State) Mr. Talleyrand is a very busy man. If you could perhaps give him some money, he may be able to meet with you. French Agents American Diplomats X Y Z

12. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.291-292

13. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 The Diplomats sent word back to President Adams who told Congress. The American people were very upset and insulted by the way they were being treated by France. $ Charles Maurice de Talleyrand $ $ $ American Diplomats X Y Z French Agents

14. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 VIDEO BREAK ANIMATION BREAK http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/tiger/Flash/history/XYZaffair.htm

15. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 Newspapers printed political cartoons like this one.

16. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 And this one...

17. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292

18. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute! Down with France! It’s time for war! Boycott French Fries!

19. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 Neutrality Proclamation We are not prepared for war. We must stay neutral. But I can’t ignore this insult. Hmmm... I know… We will strengthen our navy to guard our ships against both the French and the British. President Adams wanted to follow Washington’s precedent and stay out of the war between Britain and France, but he could not ignore the insult, so he asked Congress to approve spending on the navy.

20. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Conflict with France pg.292 FRIGATES = Fast moving ships with many guns.

21. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Federalist Party Splits pg.292

22. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Federalist Party Splits pg.292

23. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Federalist Party Splits pg.292 War with France would be a blow to the Dem.-Reps. That would show Jefferson who our real trading partners are! We must stay neutral! I am sending diplomats back to France to renegotiate our neutrality! NO! It’s our chance to crush the Dem.-Reps. and their French allies. To WAR! But that’s not what’s best for the country. Alexander Hamilton President Adams It is what the Federalist Party needs. You are not a true Federalist.

24. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Federalist Party Splits pg.292 Talleyrand You do not need to negotiate with the Americans, they are weak! We are asking France to respect our neutrality and our right to trade. (and our new frigates!) But I am busy trying to conquer Europe, we will take care of the Americans later. Besides, did you see those frigates? Oui… I agree to stop seizing your ships. American Diplomats The young new leader of France, Napoleon Bonaparte was too busy planning to conquer all of Europe, so he agreed to leave the U.S. trading ships alone.

25. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Alien and Sedition Acts pg.293

26. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Alien and Sedition Acts pg.293 Alien Act This says any alien (foreigner) can be kicked out of the country if the President thinks they are dangerous. Immigrants must now wait 14 years to become a citizen and to vote. Opponents argued that this violates the 5th and 6th amendments rights to a fair trial / innocent until proven guilty. Democratic-Republicans disliked this law because many of their supporters were immigrants who were waiting to become citizens. This meant they would have less voting supporters in the next election. This was America’s first immigration law in a nation of immigrants.

27. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Alien and Sedition Acts pg.291

28. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Alien and Sedition Acts pg.291 Sedition Act A citizen could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government or its officials in a way that could be seen as stirring up a rebellion against the government. Under this law, citizens, newspaper editors, and even Congressmen were fined and put in jail for expressing their opinions. Opponents argued that this took away the 1st Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

29. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President Alien and Sedition Acts pg.293 Alien and Sedition Acts “They have brought into the lower house a sedition bill, which….undertakes to make printing certain matters criminal…. Indeed this bill & the alien bill both are so against the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it.”

30. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Rights of States pg.293

31. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Rights of States pg.293 “I feel that states should have the right to nullify or cancel any law that they feel is unconstitutional. If the federal government only has those powers listed in the Constitution, then the power to declare a law unconstitutional must belong to the states. Each state has an equal right to judge for itself whether a law is unconstitutional. Thomas Jefferson

32. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Rights of States pg.293 Kentucky VS. The Federal Government Virginia

33. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Rights of States pg.293 “I feel that states should have the right to nullify or cancel any law that they feel is unconstitutional. If the federal government only has those powers listed in the Constitution, then the power to declare a law unconstitutional must belong to the states. Each state has an equal right to judge for itself whether a law is unconstitutional. Kentucky and Virginia each passed a resolution refusing to carry out the Alien and Sedition acts within their state borders. It was never tested in court because the laws were eventually changed. Kentucky VS. The Federal Govt. Virginia

34. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Rights of States pg.293 ? Kentucky VS. The Federal Government Virginia

35. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Election of 1800 pg.294 JEFFERSON /BURR VS.ADAMS/PINCKNEY Different Pinckney… Charles C. Pinckney this time.

36. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Election of 1800 pg.294 JEFFERSON /BURR VS.ADAMS/PINCKNEY Different Pinckney… Charles C. Pinckney this time.

37. Chapter 9 section 4 pg.294 The Election of 1800 DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS THOMAS JEFFERSON FEDERALISTS JOHN ADAMS This time, there was a tie between Jefferson and Burr in the electoral college results. Each candidate received 73 votes. John Adams received only 65 votes and Pinckney 64 with one vote going to John Jay who also ran as a Federalist. AARON BURR CHARLES C. PINCKNEY

38. Chapter 9 section 4 pg.294 The Election of 1800 DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS THOMAS JEFFERSON FEDERALISTS JOHN ADAMS Because of the tie, the House of Representatives had to vote to choose the president. It took 36 votes and four days to break a tie in the House of Representatives and elect Thomas Jefferson as the 3rd president of the United States. AARON BURR CHARLES C. PINCKNEY

39. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Election of 1800 pg.294 12th Amendment Electors in the Electoral College will vote for president and vice president separately. The president will be the person who has a MAJORITY of the total electoral votes.

40. Chapter 9 section 4 The Second President The Federalist Era Ends pg.294