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DNA

DNA. What is DNA?. What is DNA?. DNA = d eoxyribo n ucleic a cid A molecule that stores all genetic information to make you, you! “Instruction manual for life.”. What does DNA do?. It gives operating instructions to almost all the cells in your body. Examples: color of your hair

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DNA

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  1. DNA What is DNA?

  2. What is DNA? • DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid • A molecule that stores all genetic information to make you, you! • “Instruction manual for life.”

  3. What does DNA do? • It gives operating instructions to almost all the cells in your body. • Examples: • color of your hair • how many toes you have • how to breathe • where your organs should be located • how fast you should grow • your risk for diabetes and heart disease

  4. All living things have DNA.

  5. Where is DNA? • Your body is made up of millions of cells. • DNA is in the nucleus of each cell. • Let’s take a closer look.

  6. What does DNA look like? • DNA looks like spaghetti or a twisted strand of yarn. • Double helix

  7. What is DNA made up of? • How many letters are in the alphabet? 26 • When you arrange the letters in certain • ways, you get thousands of different words. • When you put these words into meaningful • order, you get a sentence. • A sentence expresses a thought or idea. • That’s how DNA works, too.

  8. DNA’s Alphabet • DNA has only 4 letters. • A, T, G, C • When these four letters are put into certain arrangements,it “codes” or “spells” out an instruction to your cells. • DNA can only spell 3-letter words.

  9. What are these letters? • They are like initials. • Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine = A = T = C = G

  10. Example Doyourhomework. Do your homework. ATGCAGATACGC ATG CAG ATA CGC ATG CAG ATA CGC aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 ATGCAGATACGC aa1-aa2-aa3-aa4 Protein X

  11. DNA replication • When you are born, the nucleus in all your cells have lots of DNA. • DNA can replicate (copy) itself and produce messengers (instructions) when needed. • Using these instructions, specific proteins are produced in cells throughout your body. • ATGCAGATACGC are the instruction for protein X

  12. Digestion Transport oxygen Fight disease

  13. What happens when you don’t have any protein in your diet? • Your body will not have enough “building blocks” to carry out its daily tasks. AT CA ATAC C A ATGCA ATAC C ATGCA ATACGC ATGCAGATACGC T G C A G A T A C G C Digestion Fight disease Transport oxygen

  14. The big picture • Eat protein: • stomach and intestine break it down to amino acids • amino acids are absorbed into the blood. • they enter cells, and are used, following the instructions stored in DNA to make protein that are then used to carry out vital cell functions. • This is why protein is very important in your diet. • Eggs, poultry, fish, beef, legumes, and dairy products.

  15. DNA Helix Model A  T G  C

  16. Program ENERGY is funded by a Science Education Partnership Award from the National Center for Research Resources/National Institutes of Health in partnership with the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department at Colorado State University

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