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Native American Cultures. Essential Question How did Native Americans in different regions use natural resources to meet their needs?. Native Americans. Native Americans were the first people to live here.
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Native American Cultures Essential Question How did Native Americans in different regions use natural resources to meet their needs?
Native Americans • Native Americans were the first people to live here. • Scientists think that they came to this continent from Asia during the last ice age over the Bering Strait when it was frozen.
Civilizations • Native Americans spread out and developed civilizations all over America • A civilization is a group of people living together who have the same system of government, religion, and culture. • We will be learning about the Native Americans that settled in North America.
Native American Groups • There were many groups of Native Americans. Each group used whatever natural resources were available in their environment. They lived in different places and had very different lives.
Inuit • What do you think the climate is like in this area of the world?
Arctic Climate • The Inuit live in the Arctic, where the climate is cold and snowy.
Adapting to the Arctic Climate • Inuit had to adapt • Built homes from ice, stones, and caribou skins • Hunted seal, whale, caribou
Pacific Northwest • Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest, like the Kwakiutl and Nez Perce, lived in the coastal area that stretches from Alaska to Northern California.
Shelter • Used trees to build shelter
Transportation • Carved canoes (called dugouts) from trees • Used as transportation in rivers and lakes • Took into the ocean to fish and hunt whales
Totem Poles • Totem poles were carved from trees and decorated to show important family history
Clothing • Did not raise sheep • Used cedar bark to make clothing
Food • Salmon • Caught so many salmon, they had extra or surplus • Shellfish • Whales • Seals • Berries • Roots • Geese • Deer • Elk • Bear
Make Some Predictions! • What would it be like to live in the desert?
Let’s Check It Out... Click on the “Photos” tab to see more photos of this region.
The Southwest • Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico • Low, flat desert • Very dry! • Not many trees
Shelter • Built homes from sticks, stones, and adobe clay • Homes built on top of small plateaus called mesas to protect from attacks
Agriculture • Irrigation was important so crops could survive • Irrigation = supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes • Corn was planted deep in the ground so the roots could get to water • Corn planted in areas that flooded during spring rains
The Hopi • One of the oldest Indian groups in the Southwest • “Pueblo” Indians because villages looked like towns to the first Spanish who arrived in North America
The Hopi - Food • Beans, squash, and corn • Corn was a staple food – eaten at every meal! • Kept corn in storage rooms in pueblos
The Hopi - Art • Made clay pots to hold food and water • Fired their pottery with coal to make it strong • Weavings • Baskets • Silver jewelry
The Hopi - Religion • Religious • Believed they were caretakers of the earth • Performed ceremonies to show their beliefs
Summary • The Hopi and other American Indians built pueblos in the Southwest. They used irrigation and other methods to grow beans, squash, and corn in a dry climate. Hopi culture included ceremonies throughout the year. Many Hopi people today still take part in their cultural traditions.
The Great Plains • In the center of North America • From the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains • From Texas into Canada • Flat land, filled with grass • Some dry areas, some wet areas
Pawnee • Eastern Plains Wet, fertile land • Built permanent villages near rivers • Made earth lodges using bark, earth, and grass • Farmed corn, squash and beans for half the year • Hunted buffalo for half the year
Western Plains Indians • Dry land Farming was difficult • Nomads who followed the buffalo • Got everything they needed from buffalo! (Tools, food, clothing, blankets, shelter) • Carried belongings in travois and lived in teepees
Buffalo Hide Paintings Click the photo to learn more about buffalo hide paintings.
Comanche and Horses • Spanish brought horses to North America • Comanche rode and raised horses • Used horses to hunt and travel • Fierce warriors on horseback • Became very powerful
The Eastern Woodlands • Varied landforms • Hills, mountains, valleys, plains • Enough rain for forests to grow
Food in the Woodlands • Corn, beans and squash were staple foods • Called “the three sisters” • Many sources of food! • Hunted deer, bears, rabbits • Farmed and ate food from plants in the region • Made syrup from sap • Gathered wild rice near the Great Lakes
Living in the Woodlands • North • Longhouses made from wood poles and bark • Deerskin clothing • South • Built homes without walls • Wore light clothing made from grass
Haudenosaunee Government • Lived in what is now New York – Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, and Tuscarora • Formed a confederation, or government made of several groups, called Haudenosaunee • Chiefs from each nation governed the confederation
Haudenosaunee Trading • Woodland Indians traded with each other • Bartered for different goods – traded without using money • Used wampum (belts made with pieces of seashell) to symbolize agreements
Summary • Eastern Woodlands was an area of forests and rich resources that spread across much of eastern North America. Most Eastern Woodland peoples used farming, hunting, and gathering to get food. • Rather than fighting each other, many nations joined together to form a confederation called the Haudenosaunee League. • The Haudenosaunee lived in longhouses and traded goods with other American Indian groups.