NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES

1. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES EARLY SOCIETIES NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS SHARED BELEIFS

2. I CAN • Identify 2 types of Early Societies in North America and Explain where and how they lived • Define totems • List 3 cultural regions of Native North Americans • State 2 examples of shared beliefs between Native North Americans

3. EARLY SOCIETIES • Earliest people in N America- hunters & gathers • After about 5000 BC some learned to farm and lived in villages • Not as populated as South America and Mesoamerica; they were complex societies before Europeans

4. EARLY SOCIETIES • Anasazi • Present day Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah • Dry environment, but grew maize, squash & beans • Learned how to use irrigation to increase food production

5. EARLY SOCIETIES • Anasazi Dwellings • Early lived in pit houses dug into the ground • After 750 AD began to build pueblos (aboveground houses made of heavy clay called adobe) • Built them on top of each other, multi-storied (some housed about 1000 people) • Cliff Dwellers- built houses in canyon walls, only be reached by ladder. WHY? Protection from enemies

6. Cliff Dwellers

7. DECLINE OF THE ANASAZI • Drought • Disease • Or invasions from nomadic tribes from the North • Might have caused them to move

8. MOUND BUILDERS • Eastern part of North America • Farming societies • Hopewell • Lived along the Mississippi, Ohio, and lower Missouri River valleys • Agriculture and Trade • Built large burial mounds to honor their dead • Declined around 700AD

9. MOUND BUILDERS • Mississippian- same area as the Hopewell • Skilled farmers and traders • Built large settlements; largest city Cahokia, near present day St. Louis (30,000) • Mounds- had flat tops and temples were built on top of the mound. • Mounds could be up to 100ft tall and cover 16 acres • Mound builders had declined by time Europeans arrived

10. Mound Builders

11. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS • Sub-artic • Followed seasonal migrations of deer • Lived in shelters from animal skins and log homes • Further south they had a rich supply of fish, plants, and animals. So developed large villages, without the need to farm

12. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS SEE MAP on PG 13 Great Basin Little Rain, so they gathered seeds, dug roots, trapped small animals Southwest Pueblo groups, like the Anasazi, irrigated. Focused on Rain and successful maize. Large towns Pacific Northwest • Carved images of totems– ancestor or animal spirits, on tall wooden poles • Great religious and historical signficance West and Southwest California Region * Food sources were plentiful * lived in large families or groups 50-300 * over 100 different languages spoken

13. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS Great Plains Northeast and Southeast Eastern N America rich in resources Animals, plants, wood, fish, Cherokee, Creek, Seminole lived in farming villages governed by village councils Northern groups did more hunting Southern Groups- more farmers, hunters, and traders • Mainly grasslands, home to buffalo, deer, elk, and more • Nomadic hunters– used bow and arrows, would often chase over cliffs, or into a corral • Used buffalo hides for teepees, and used almost all of the buffalo for something. • Some tribes were matrilineal-traced ancestry through mothers.

14. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AREAS • Northeast and Southeast • Iroquois • Created the Iroquois league • An alliance or confederation, that protected each other from non-iroquois groups. • The league helped them to become one of the most powerful Native Americans peoples in North America

15. SHARED BELEIFS RELIGION PROPERTY INVIDUAL OWNERSHIP ONLY TO CROPS YOU GREW LAND ITSELF WAS EVERYONE. RIGHT TO USE IT WAS TEMPORARY PRESERVE LAND FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS (not like Europeans) LITTLE INTEREST- IN LG POLITICAL UNITS. SO NO LG EMPIRES LIKE AZTECS OR INCA OF MESOAMERICA • LINKED TO NATURE • SPRIRITUAL FORCES WERE EVERYWHERE- HEAVENLY BODIES AND ON EARTH • HONORED SPIRITS DAILY • CEREMONIES MAINTAINED THE GROUP’S RELATIONSHIP TO EARTH AND SKY