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General Meteorology and Their Application Towards Forecasting

General Meteorology and Their Application Towards Forecasting. National Weather Service Shreveport, LA www.srh.noaa.gov/shv. Air Masses. Synoptic Meteorology. Pressure and Wind. Origin of Wind. How Do Clouds Form?.

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General Meteorology and Their Application Towards Forecasting

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  1. General Meteorology and Their Application Towards Forecasting National Weather Service Shreveport, LA www.srh.noaa.gov/shv

  2. Air Masses

  3. Synoptic Meteorology

  4. Pressure and Wind

  5. Origin of Wind

  6. How Do Clouds Form? • In order to understand this process, we must first understand cold/warm air, and their relationship with density. • What is density??? (See experiment)

  7. Cloud Formation

  8. Cloud Formation (Cont’d) Warm air rises (less dense), and will gradually cool. The air will begin condensing (when the temperature and dewpoint become closer together), and water droplets bond onto condensation nuclei. These nuclei will collide with other nuclei, eventually forming a cloud.

  9. Types of Clouds Low clouds: Consist of stratoform (flat) clouds, or cumuloform (puffy) clouds, lying on or just above the surface (up to ~10,000 ft). Stratus: Cumulus:

  10. Types of Clouds (Cont’d) Middle Clouds: Consist of altoform (meaning a middle cloud) type clouds, extending from 10,000 – 20,000 feet above the surface. Altostratus: Altocumulus:

  11. Types of Clouds (Cont’d) High Clouds: Consists of mainly ice crystals suspended above 20,000 feet from the surface. These clouds are wispy/crisp/featherlike in appearance, and do not produce precipitation. Cirrus: Cirrostratus: Cirrocumulus:

  12. How Does Rain Form??? • Through the collision/coalescence process, water droplets continue to grow, forming clouds. If enough lift is present in the atmosphere (produced by fronts for example), updrafts are created, which forces the cloud to grow taller. The water droplets continue to grow inside of clouds, until they become too heavy to be suspended by the updraft. It is then that these droplets fall down to the earth as rain.

  13. Types of Fronts • Now that we have learned the concepts of density, we can better understand what fronts are and how they affect the weather. • Cold Front: A transition zone where cold/dry, and stable air, replaces warm/moist, and unstable air. It is depicted by a blue line with triangles pointing towards the direction of movement.

  14. Cold Front Colder Temperatures 27 54 33 Warmer Temperatures 62

  15. Cold Front (Vertical Profile) Advancing Cold air Rising Warm air

  16. Warm Front Colder Temperatures 45 Warm Front 38 55 Warmer Temperatures 62

  17. Warm Front (Vertical Profile) Warm air Cold air

  18. Stationary Front Cold Air Warm Air

  19. Mapping Exercise • Draw and analyze a surface weather map for pressure and temperature, and draw the fronts that are indicated by these two variables. • Discuss our results.

  20. Pressure/Front Map

  21. Temperature/Front Map

  22. Acknowledgments • Jetstreamwebsite – Southern Region Headquarters , National Weather Service • www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream

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