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Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the ESCOMPTE area

Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the ESCOMPTE area. I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. Samaali and J.L. Ponche. Production/distribution energy. Industry waste. Site of the large ESCOMPTE 3D campaign in summer 2001. Résidential. Road traffic. Non-road traffic.

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Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the ESCOMPTE area

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  1. Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the ESCOMPTE area I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. Samaali and J.L. Ponche

  2. Production/distribution energy Industry waste Site of the large ESCOMPTE 3D campaign in summer 2001 Résidential Road traffic Non-road traffic Agric/natural sources CO emissions VOC emissions Marseille Fos-Berre Site description Modelling site : The Berre – Fos – Marseille area on the Mediterranean French coast ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  3. Approach MM5 * version 3.6 EMISSIONS EMISSIONS DYNAMIC DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY - Boundary layer scheme: MRF PBL or Hong-Pan PBL - Microphysic: Schultz, 1995 - Radiativ Scheme: Rapid Radiativ Transfer Model - Surface scheme: NOAH Land Surface Model PRIMEQUAL DEDICATED. MM5 MM5 SAPRC99 SAPRC99 O3P+O3->nothing O3P+NO2->NO O1D+M->O3P+M O3+NO->NO2 O3+NO2->NO3 NO+NO3->2*NO2 NO2+NO3->NO+NO2 HO+HONO->NO2 HO+NO3->HO2+NO2. HO+CO->HO2+CO2. HO+CO+M->HO2+CO2+M HO+O3->HO2 HO2+NO->HO+NO2 HNO4+HO->NO2 HO2+O3->HO HO2+HO2->H2O2 HO2+HO2+M->H2O2+M. NO3+HO2->0.8*HO+0.8*NO2+0.2*HNO3. BOUNDARY BOUNDARY - Regional domain 140*140 km2 - Horizontal resolution : 4km - Vertical resolution: sigma-P levels - 15 levels from the ground to 3km CONDITIONS CONDITIONS CHIMERE CHIMERE continental continental Simulations Simulations Scenarios Scenarios Two way-nudging  = 6 heures Boundary conditions provided by the continental version of CHIMERE * www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5 • CHIMERE model to study the pollutant evolution • Simulation of numerous episodes : 24 days (ESCOMPTE IOPs and 2003 heat wave) - Model validation • Oxidant-precursor relationship • Prospective scenario aproach SAPRC99 * - 80 species, 33 emitted - 240 reactions - Detailed radical chemistry - Detailed speciation of VOC * Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for VOC reactivity assessement , Carter Dedicated emission inventory (PRIMEQUAL 2 – PREDIT Project - MEDD) AIRMARAIX, LPCA Resolution: 1 and 4 km 95 species 15 activity sectors ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  4. Model validation • Statistical interpretation by zone • Correlation, bias • (un)paired peak accuracy • Predicted and missed exceedances, fake alerts ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  5. Evaluate ozone production 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 • Characterization of ozone production rates O3 PO3 Ozone production is locally fast : up to 40-50 ppbv/h No more significant ozone production at 14:00 UT ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  6. Evaluate ozone production COV bio COV anthrop • Characterization of ozone production rates COV/NOx P(O3)+wind ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  7. Determine the importance of coastal specificities 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 • Dynamical impact : nighttime breezes O3 PO3 00 Significant ozone production at sea Further transport of the plume towards the coast ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  8. O3 - emission temporal dependance transport Ozone Tracer 14 Tracer 12 • Emissions involved in ozone production : consequences for emission scenarios Anthropogenic emission tracers … 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (UT) LOCAL TIME 16:00 UT Coincidence NO Coincidence From 14:00 TU : Emissions not included in the ozone plume ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  9. Ozone dependance upon precurors (1) Sensitivity Increase Decrease • Conditions NOx_40 COV_40: Local impact NOx_40: Effect at a larger scale COV_40 ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  10. (2) Identification of VOC participation in PO3 • Precursors involved in ozone production IR=∂[O3]/∂[COVi] Isoprène A-pinène AROMATIC2 Ethène CO ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  11. (3) Exploration of VOC oxidation pathways NO NO HNO3 NO2 O3 OH HO2 VOC + OH -> HO2 + SPECIES VOC HO2 + SPECIES • Tracer approach : release of inert species in the chemical scheme in order to follow VOC degradation within the model • Bring information on the participation of a compound to O3 production • Not a “destructive approach” ... Quantification of ozone production from primary VOC and CO 2D view of areas impacted by VOC and CO oxidation Comparison of ozone yield from various VOCs ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  12. Ozone production rate NOT CONCERNED BY EMISSION REDUCTION PO3 from each species ALKA ALKE How much does each compound participate in ozone production rates ? AROM BIO => 3 ppbv/h CO HCHO ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  13. Ozone yield NOT CONCERNED BY EMISSION REDUCTION O3 produced from each species ALKA ALKE How much does each compound participate in ozone concentrations ? AROM BIO CO HCHO ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  14. Plume transect study CO ALKENES ALKANES C2H4 BIOGENICS AROMATICS HCHO WIND DIRECTION Plot of the quantity of O3 formed from each VOC family along the track for different hours of the day Total simulated O3 concentration ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  15. (4) Emission scenarios Pollution de fond 1999 (Base ESCOMPTE) Tendanciel 2001 (POI Escompte) NEC (respect directive) 2010 (Année cible réglementaire) 2003 (Episode photochimique Août) Réaliste National Sc0 Réaliste Régional Sc 1, 2 et 3 Sc B Sc A Pointes de pollution Sc 4 Sc 5 (Plan de Protection de l’Atmosphère Arrêtés Interpréfectoraux) Mesures d’urgences en vigueur Mesures d’urgences complémentaires Anticipées Volontaristes ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  16. 2010 emission scenarios Increase Decrease • Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 Most possible scenario NEC scenario ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  17. Regional vs background control Gradient of impacts Gradient of impacts • Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv) REGIONAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS CONTINENTAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

  18. To go further : emergency measures • Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv) Scenarios = light (reduce car speed) to severe (industrial and traffic control) existing emergency measures Not necessary to maintain the EM after 14:00 UT Tests of extended emergency measures ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

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