药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry

1. 药物化学Medicinal Chemistry

2. Chapter 0Introduction

3. 0.1 Basic defination, characteristics and tasks of Medicinal chemistry • A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage. • In pharmacology, a drug is defined as "a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. • Drugs are usually distinguished from endogenous biochemicals by being introduced from outside the organism.

4. Medicinal chemistry is a discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacology involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products. • Medicinal chemistry is a highly interdisciplinary science combining organic chemistry with biochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, statistics, and physical chemistry.

5. 0.2 Development and process of the drugs Discovery: The first step of drug discovery involves the identification of new active compounds, often called "hits", which are typically found by screening many compounds for the desired biological properties. These hits can come from natural sources, such as plants, animals or fungi. More often, the hits can come from synthetic sources, such as historical compound collections and combinatorial chemistry.

6. Optimization: Another step in drug discovery involves further chemical modifications in order to improve the biological and physiochemical properties of a given candidate compound library. Chemical modifications can improve the pharmacophores of the candidate compounds, their pharmacokinetics, or indeed their reactivity and stability during their metabolic degradation. A number of methods have contributed to quantitative metabolic prediction. The quantitative-activity relationship (QSAR) of the pharmacophore play an important part in finding the leads, which exhibit the most potency, most selectivity, best pharmacokinetics and least toxicity.

7. Development: The final step involves the rendering the lead compounds suitable for use in clinical trials. This involves the optimization of the synthetic route for bulk production, and the preparation of a suitable drug formulation.

8. 天然药物中提炼有效成分 化工产品发展其药效 化学结构与药理的相互关系 药物与机体代谢的关系 抗代谢学说 抗生素抗癌药物的发展 以受体、酶等为作用靶点 计算机辅助药物设计