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WWII (1939 – 1945)

WWII (1939 – 1945). "Never in the field of human conflict, has so much, been owed by so many, to so few!" Winston Churchill - September 1940. AKS. 48a - explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response

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WWII (1939 – 1945)

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  1. WWII (1939 – 1945) "Never in the field of human conflict, has so much, been owed by so many, to so few!" Winston Churchill - September 1940

  2. AKS • 48a - explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response • 48b - explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans • 48c - explain major events including the Lend-Lease program, the Battle of Midway, the Normandy Invasion, the Battle of Iwo Jima, the Battle of the Bulge, the fall of Berlin, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • 48d - describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war bond drives, war-time conversion, and the role of minority groups in war industries • 48e - evaluate the role of women and other minorities in the military during World War II • 48f - describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb (Manhattan Project) • 48g - compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops

  3. What is the first word that comes to mind?

  4. What do we want to learn? • Causes • Why did we win? • Important battles • Major players • Who was affected? • How did it affect the home front?

  5. WWII Quick Hits • 1939-1945 (U.S. directly involved starting in 1941) • The most destructive and deadly conflict in the history of humankind (40-70M+ dead) • The Nazi Holocaust was responsible for the genocide of 6M Jews • The war set the stage for a new age of U.S. prosperity and power • The aftermath of the war also created the World’s first superpowers and set the conditions for the Cold War

  6. Causes • Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement • Treaty of Versailles causes anger, resentment in Europe • Germany resents blame for war, loss of colonies, border territories • New democracies flounder under social, economic problems • Dictators rise; driven by nationalism, desire for more territory

  7. With a partner… • Summarize the causes of WWII

  8. Totalitarian Dictators in Europe

  9. The Rise of Nazism What were the conditions in Germany that left it vulnerable to Nazism? What book did Hitler write that outlined his vision? How was Hitler able to take over control of Germany?

  10. The Nazi Party… a closer look • Adolf Hitler leader of National Socialist German Workers’ Party • Mein Kampf—basic beliefs of Nazism, based on extreme nationalism • Wants to unite German-speaking people, enforce racial “purification” • 1932, 6 million unemployed; many men join Hitler’s private army • Nazis become strongest political party; Hitler named chancellor • Third Reich established

  11. What are these propaganda posters trying to say?

  12. Meanwhile in Japan… • 1931, Nationalist military leaders seize Manchuria • Militarists take control of Japanese government

  13. The U.S. Responds Cautiously • Americans Cling to Isolationism • 1935 Neutrality Acts try to keep U.S. out of future wars - outlaws arms sales, loans to nations at war

  14. German Military Machine on the March.. • 1938: Germany takes over Austria (peacefully) and Czechoslovakia • Appeasement – giving up principles to pacify and aggressor

  15. "Hitler accepts the ovation of the Reichstag after announcing the `peaceful' acquisition of Austria. It set the stage to annex the Czechoslovakian Sudetenland, largely inhabited by a German- speaking population." Berlin, March 1938. 208-N-39843.

  16. Things get serious… Blitzkrieg in Poland Sept. 1939, Hitler overruns Poland in blitzkrieg, lightning war Germany annexes western Poland; U.S.S.R. attacks, annexes east France, Britain declare war on Germany; World War II begins

  17. France falls and Britain fights on… • The Battle of Britain (1940) • Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets • Hitler calls off invasion of Britain • Germans, British continue to bomb each other’s cities

  18. The Holocaust • Hitler’s Final Solution—slavery, genocide of “inferior” groups • Genocide—deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population • Target Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, unfit Germans • Nazi death squads round up Jews, shoot them IMAGES COMING UP ARE GRAPHIC

  19. As we view the pictures, write down the first word that pops into your head for each.

  20. The Holocaust • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=0597503A-0BF8-423F-9C89-EF340274469A&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  21. FDR Elected to Record 3rd Term

  22. A growing concern… • The Lend-Lease Plan • FDR tells nation if Britain falls, Axis powers free to conquer world - U.S. must become “arsenal of democracy” • By late 1940, Britain has no more cash to buy U.S. arms • 1941 Lend-Lease Act—U.S. to lend or lease supplies for defense

  23. Atlantic Charter signed… the sides are set • Allied Powers • U.S. • U.S.S.R. • Britain • France • China • The Netherlands • … and many others • Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • … and many others

  24. Japan Attacks The U.S. • The Attack on Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor • 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded • Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged • Kamikaze – suicide pilots

  25. What do you think the U.S. reaction was? • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=BC922622-57B0-49C7-8A8C-1402AF991964&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  26. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signing the Declaration of War against Japan, December 8, 1941.

  27. Review • What was the name of the party in control of Germany? • What is a totalitarian dictatorship? • What is an allegiance to one’s country called? • What was each side called in the war? • What do is the systematic extermination of a race called? • Where was the U.S. attacked on December 7, 1941? • What were the acts called to keep the U.S. out of war?

  28. Short story… • You are a U.S. citizen on December 7, 1941…what is your reaction to the attack on Pearl Harbor? • Describe what happened. • Describe how you felt.

  29. Things are getting serious….

  30. The U.S. Mobilizes for Total War • Selective Service and the GI • After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteer for military service • 10 million more drafted to meet needs of two-front war • European Theater • Pacific Theater

  31. Dramatic Contributions • 300,000 Mexican Americans join armed forces • 1 million African Americans serve; live, work in segregated units • 13,000 Chinese Americans and 33,000 Japanese Americans serve • 25,000 Native Americans enlist • Navaho language use as code in Pacific

  32. Tuskegee Airman

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