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ENERGY (Chapter 6). 3. 1. 2. 20. 58. 57. GLYCOLYSIS. C. C. C. C. C. C. + 2 ATP. CELLULAR RESPIRATION (Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain). C. C. 6 CO 2 + 36 ATP. C. C. C. C. 59. (AEROBIC RESPIRATION). ATP. ATP. 4. 4. HETEROTROPH:. 8. 7. 63. 60. 62. 5.
E N D
1 2 20 58 57
GLYCOLYSIS C C C C C C + 2 ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION (Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain) C C 6 CO2 + 36 ATP C C C C 59 (AEROBIC RESPIRATION)
ATP ATP 4 4
HETEROTROPH: 8 7 63 60 62
5 AUTOTROPHS 63 64
Autotroph: Chemosynthesis (Deep Sea Vents) 11 9
Oxidize a chemical (H2S, S, CO, NH4+, • FE2+, H2, NO2-, etc.) H2S + O2 2S + H2O + Energy B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy 6 CO2 C6H12O6
Nitrogen Fixation: N2 NH4+ cyanobacteria Rhizobium 40 Root Nodule Azotobacter 41
Soil Bacteria: Nitrification Reactions (Special Type of Chemosynthesis) 13 12 Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas 39
A) Oxidation Reactions NH4+ + O2 NO2- + Energy (Nitrosomonas) NO3- + Energy NO2- + O2 (Nitrobacter) B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy 6 CO2 C6H12O6
Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 12 Energy (Light) 6 CO2 C6H12O6 10
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) ( ~ Visible Spectrum)
C3 Photosynthesis RUBISCO Fig. 6.4 in Molles 2006
41 Drawbacks of Rubisco: 1) 2)
C4 Photosynthesis Bundle Sheath Cells
C4 Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Fig. 6.5 in Molles 2006
42 Advantages of PEP Carboxylase: Disadvantages of PEP Carboxylase:
19 18
20 21 10
CAM Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Fig. 6.6 in Molles 2006
45 21 Advantages of CAM: Disadvantages of CAM:
22 C4 CAM
Heterotrophs 24 25 23
Chemical Composition of Life (> 93%: H O C N P) Fig. 6.7 in Molles 2006
Challenges of Herbivory 33 43
Challenges of Herbivory 34 35
Challenges of Herbivory 47 46
Challenges of Detritivory Fig. 6.12 in Molles 2006
Challenges of Carnivory 50 48 53 49 51
Mimicry: Batesian 56 55
NEXT.. Individual Response to Increasing Energy
1 http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/bacecoli.jpg 2 http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/ Paramecium.jpg 3 http://www.imperialsugar.com/_filelib/ImageGallery/brands/ImpEFG1.jpg 4 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/energpath1.gif 5 http://www.ac-rennes.fr/pedagogie/svt/photo/microalg/euglena.jpg 6 http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48177/Chlamydomonas.gif 7 http://www.animalsonrugs.com/members/890202/uploaded/LionZebra.jpg 8 http://www.dlc.fi/~marianna/gourmet/pic/s_cube_w.jpg 9 http://people.cornellcollege.edu/m-mariorenzi/geo105/images/ sr_life_bacteria_en.jpg
10 http://k43.pbase.com/u43/bearpaw/large/27854302.soaptree_yucca2.jpg 11 http://http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/annelida/pogo1.gif 12 http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/zdrs0232.jpg 13 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/images/content/114284main_EM_ Spectrum500.jpg 14 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/emsp1.gif 15 http://hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za/marbot/images/lightwater.gif 16 http://www.ualr.edu/botany/c3c4dif.gif 17 http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_img0077.jpg
18 http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/images/junegrass4.jpg 19 http://www.headquarterswest.com/vegetation/sideoats_grama.jpg 20 http://static.flickr.com/64/225527685_7c7986129d.jpg 21 http://static.flickr.com/94/223304485_e3ef2c81e2.jpg 22 http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/GB-1%20p35.jpg 23 http://webfiles.nacs.uci.edu/treseder/public/ Research/Waxy_LBMs_DFCC.jpg 24 http://www.kidport.com/REFLIB/Science/WhoEatsWhat/images/ WolfDeer.jpg 25 http://static.flickr.com/60/224521691_dd731a59a2.jpg 26 http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/gctext/Inquiries/ Inquiries_by_Unit/Unit_4_files/image006.jpg
32 http://static.flickr.com/66/171423539_4b4ead1d90.jpg 33 http://oregonstate.edu/~siefkenj/photography/images/rose%20thorn%20b.jpg 35 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg 36 http://crdp.ac-besancon.fr/flore/recettes_latin/plantes/conium_ maculatum_30.jpg 37http://www.meemelink.com/prints%20images/16563.Anacardiaceae%20 -%20Toxicodendron%20quercifolium.jpg 38 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/C4leaf.gif 39 http://whyfiles.org/199_soil/images/nitrogen_cycle.gif 40 http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/27T-03a-Rhizobium.jpg
41 http://www.ckfoto.com/IMAGES/Australia%201/Desert%20plant.jpg 42 http://www.lewis-clark.org/media/NewImages/LEWISRETURN/ pl_blue-gramma-grass.jpg 43 http://k41.pbase.com/u12/selvin/upload/42713826.Mangoblossomon cactus.jpg 44 http://uwarboretum.org/photos/image.php?width=426&file=/ photos/photos/1155683137-4.jpg 45 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/17/ Pineapple1.JPG/240px-Pineapple1.JPG 46 http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/loeb_library/information_systems/ projects/E_vue/images/plant_images/large/Quercus_palustris_02L.jpg 47 http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_Collections/ecp/ecp_sites/ NPI_web/plowman_images/GN88785.17.gif
48 http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/boreal/images/page9.jpg 49 http://zoltantakacs.com/zt/im/scan/reptiles/15823-120.jpg 50 http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues01/Co03102001/Art/porcupine.jpg 51 http://home.att.net/~larvalbugrex/opossum2.jpg 52 http://images.wildmadagascar.org/pictures/isalo/walking_stick0071.jpg 53 http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/h2o2/bombbeetle.gif 54 http://fusion.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillar/files/thumbs/DHJanzen100197.jpg 55 http://www.snakemuseum.com/photos/rearfang/FalseWaterCobra6.jpg 56 http://www.soocool.com/gallery/photos/exhibitregular/King_Cobra.jpg 57 http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/greater-roadrunner-arizona-2007.jpg 58 http://ncfarmsinc.com/store/images/Coleus%20Defiance.jpg
59 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/774/170802.JPG 60 http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/black_fungus.jpg 61 http://www.adnet.ie/blogs/media/mushroom.jpg 62 http://www.op.net/~finklesk/paramecium.gif 63 http://www.plantoftheweek.org/image/coleus.jpg 64 http://www.lastrefuge.co.uk/images-database/david-spears/big1/ Anabaena-new2.jpg