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ENERGY (Chapter 6). CELLULAR “GASOLINE”. 2. 1. 20. 58. 57. Cellular Tasks that need Energy. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Energy Release from ATP. ATP + H 2 O. ADP + P. +. ATP SYNTHESIS. +. +. H 2 O. +. (Restoring the ATP Supply). Glucose Metabolism. GLYCOLYSIS. C. C. C. C.
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CELLULAR “GASOLINE” 2 1 20 58 57
Energy Release from ATP ATP + H2O ADP + P +
ATP SYNTHESIS + + H2O + (Restoring the ATP Supply)
GLYCOLYSIS C C C C + 2 ATP C C
CELLULAR/AEROBIC RESPIRATION (Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain) C C 6 CO2 C C 34-36 ATP C C O2 59
ATP ATP 4 4
HETEROTROPH: 8 7 63 60 62
5 AUTOTROPHS 63 64
Autotroph: Chemosynthesis (Deep Sea Vents) 11 9
Oxidize a chemical (H2S, S, CO, NH4+, • FE2+, H2, NO2-, etc.) H2S + O2 2S + H2O + Energy B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy 6 CO2 C6H12O6
Nitrogen Fixation: N2 NH4+ cyanobacteria Rhizobium 40 Root Nodule Azotobacter 41
Soil Bacteria: Nitrification Reactions (Special Type of Chemosynthesis) 13 12 Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas 39
A) Oxidation Reactions NH4+ + O2 NO2- + Energy (Nitrosomonas) NO3- + Energy NO2- + O2 (Nitrobacter) B) Use Energy and CO2 to Synthesize Sugar Energy 6 CO2 C6H12O6
Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 12 Energy (Light) 6 CO2 C6H12O6 10
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) ( ~ Visible Spectrum)
C3 Photosynthesis RUBISCO Fig. 6.4 in Molles 2006
41 Drawbacks of Rubisco: 1) 2)
C4 Photosynthesis Bundle Sheath Cells
C4 Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Fig. 7.5 in Molles 2006
42 Advantages of PEP Carboxylase: Disadvantages of PEP Carboxylase:
19 18
20 21 10
CAM Photosynthesis PEP Carboxylase Fig. 7.6 in Molles 2006
45 21 Advantages of CAM: Disadvantages of CAM:
22 C4 CAM
Heterotrophs 24 25 23
Chemical Composition of Life (> 93%: H O C N P) Fig. 7.11 in Molles 2006
Challenges of Herbivory 33 43
Challenges of Herbivory 34 35
Challenges of Herbivory 47 46
Challenges of Detritivory Fig. 7.14 in Molles 2006
Challenges of Carnivory 50 48 53 49 51
Mimicry: Batesian 56 55
NEXT.. Individual Response to Increasing Energy
1 http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/bacecoli.jpg 2 http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/ Paramecium.jpg 3 http://www.imperialsugar.com/_filelib/ImageGallery/brands/ImpEFG1.jpg 4 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/energpath1.gif 5 http://www.ac-rennes.fr/pedagogie/svt/photo/microalg/euglena.jpg 6 http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48177/Chlamydomonas.gif 7 http://www.animalsonrugs.com/members/890202/uploaded/LionZebra.jpg 8 http://www.dlc.fi/~marianna/gourmet/pic/s_cube_w.jpg 9 http://people.cornellcollege.edu/m-mariorenzi/geo105/images/ sr_life_bacteria_en.jpg