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Chapter 6 Energy Resources

Chapter 6 Energy Resources. Section 1 Fossil Fuels Notes 6-1. Fossil Fuels. Fuel : is a substance that provides a form of energy as the result of a chemical change. types of energy : heat , light, electricity or motion energy can be converted from one type to another. Combustion.

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Chapter 6 Energy Resources

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  1. Chapter 6EnergyResources Section 1Fossil FuelsNotes 6-1

  2. Fossil Fuels • Fuel: is a substance that provides a form of energy as the result of a chemical change. • types of energy: heat, light, electricity or motion • energy can be converted from one type to another

  3. Combustion • Combustion: • process of burning a fuel • releases the stored chemical energy • ex: burning gasoline in a vehicle to produce carbon dioxide and water • also converts stored chemical energy to thermal energy • this thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy that moves the vehicle

  4. Fossil Fuels • In power plants heat is produced by burning fuels • heat is used to boil water • this makes steam • steam turns the blades of a turbine • shaft of the turbine connects to a generator • generator has magnets surrounded by copper wire • the shaft rotates and the magnets turn inside the wire • this produces electric current

  5. What are Fossil Fuels? • Energy-rich substances formed from the remains of once-living organisms • ex: coal, oil and natural gas • made of hydrocarbons • hydrocarbons: energy-rich chemical compounds that are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms • Fossil fuels have more hydrocarbons than other types of fuels • one kg of coal gives twice the amount of heat as wood • oil and natural gas give three times the energy as wood

  6. Combustion • During combustion • carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water • this process gives off energy in the form of heat and light

  7. Fossil Fuels • Coal: solid fossil fuel formed form plant remains • second to wood until 1800's as a fuel source • when the Industrial Revolution occurred more fuel was needed • wood was becoming more and more expensive as forests were cut down • coal was then used for trains, ships and factories • today, coal is used for 23 % of the energy in USA • major use is for power plants to make electricity

  8. coal • Reserves: deposits of coal and other fossil fuels that can be taken from the ground • most are located deep underground or mixed with other minerals/rocks • centuries ago, all work was done by hand • miners broke coal away from other materials by hand and chopped it into smaller pieces • today they use machines • Dangerous job • many have been injured or killed in the mines • others have suffered from "black lung" • comes from breathing in coal dust • working to make it safer • use robots and better safety procedures

  9. Coal • Coal Pros • ­most plentiful fossil fuel in the USA • ­comes from peat • peat is still used in Ireland as a fuel source in many homes (see page 167) • ­easy to transport and provides a lot of energy when burned • Coal Cons • mining increases erosion • runoff from mines cause water pollution • burning coal results in air pollution • more than any other fuel

  10. Oil • thick, black, liquid fossil fuel • comes from remains of small animals, algae and protists that lived in oceans and shallow seas • millions of years ago • Petroleum: • Latin word for oil • petra= rock • oleum= oil • found in holes of sandstone or limestone • account for 1/3 the energy produced in the world • gasoline and heating oil come from petroleum • USA consumes 1/3 of all oil produced • however, only 3% of the oil is from the USA • we have to import it from other countries

  11. Oil • Oil Deposits • to find oil, scientist use sound waves to test without drilling • sound waves bounce off objects and return as echoes • they time how long it takes for the sound to return back to the surface • travel through rock takes longer than through oil • Refining Oil • crude oil: when oil is first pumped out • can be runny (liquid) or thick (viscous) • refining changes it into fuel and othe materials • petrochemicals are made from crude oil • ex: plastic, paints, medicines and cosmetics

  12. Natural Gas • Natural Gas • third major fossil fuel • mixture of methane and other gases • usually is found with petroleum • found above the oil because it is less dense; so it rises • transported by pipes • can be compressed and turned into a liquid • stored in tanks for trucks and buses

  13. Natural Gas • Natural Gas Pros • produces less air pollution than other fossil fuels • easily transported by pipes • smell is added so that you know when a pipe breaks • Natural Gas Cons • highly flammable; dangerous when a pipe breaks • Drilling for natural gas causes environmental issues • Groundwater problems, destroying of stream environments, too much water usage, poisoning of air and water

  14. Supply and Demand • Fuel Supply and Demand • fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources • takes them 100's of million years to develop • Eventually the resources are going to be used up • The uneven distribution of fossil fuels is a political problem • ex: we have to buy oil from the Middle East nations...reason for War? • new sources of energy are needed to replace the decreasing amount of fossil fuel reserves

  15. Homework Key Terms Ch. 6Sticky Note ReadingDue: Friday, Feb. 17

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