Tuesday 3/25

1. Tuesday 3/25 RAP • Who were the three leaders that met at Yalta in February of 1945? • In what present day country is Yalta located in? • Who were the three leaders that met at Potsdam? • How were the meetings different? Explain. Today: • Presidents video– Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy • Complete Ch. 17.1 • Notes on Berlin Crisis • Notes on Ch. 17.3 • Video on “Atomic Café” – propaganda for Cold war • HW Read Ch. 17.3 and complete section assessment for Friday.

2. EUROPE Post WWII -- compare with map on page 565

3. Wednesday 3/26 RAP • What reasons were there for Stalin not to trust the west? • What reasons were there for the west not to trust Stalin? Today: CE presentations Review Ch. 17.1 Begin 17.2

4. Title: The Cold War Begins Ch. 17.1: 562-568 • Please read and take notes on these terms and events in relation to the Cold War. • Yalta meeting-Who?, Where? When? What was the outcome? • Potsdam meeting-Who? where? When? What happened? • Compare Yalta and Potsdam meetings • Containment-what does it mean? • Iron Curtain-Who? What? Cold War is Declared • Cold war – what is it? Who? • Truman Doctrine– Why? Who? How much? • Marshall Plan-Who was Marshall? What was it? • Be able to answer these questions. • What did the Soviets want post WWII? • What did the U.S. want post WWII? • What was the purpose of the United Nations? • Who did the Marshall plan help? COLD WAR MAP:-- FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS: DUE NEXT WEEK.

5. Soviet Control of Europe after WWIICh. 17.1

6. Iron Curtain —speech by Winston Churchill

7. Vocabulary • Containment – restriction of communism to its current borders—only way to secure the peace. • Cold war – a United States – Soviet conflict in which the two powers would avoid fighting each other directly but would block each other’s goals around the world. • Truman Doctrine – Feb. 1947—British asked the U.S. to take over support of the Greek and Turk governments. Asked for $400 million in military and economic aid to support the Greek and Turkish governments.—Keep communism out! • Marshall Plan – June 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall came up with a plan to help rebuild Europe. • Give aid to European countries who agreed to spend the dollars on American goods—any country even the USSR. • $17 bil. For 5 years to 16 nations • Molotov Plan — Soviet help to communist bloc

8. Cold war deepens 17.2 • Please open your textbook to page 569 • As a class we will read the introduction. • Review Berlin crisis

9. Cold War Deepens Ch. 17.2 BERLIN BLOCKADE Introduction of currency The Western leaders developed their own common currency, which enraged the Soviet Union. Soviet developed currency for East Germany and All of Berlin. Soviets set up blockade around Berlin. Truman organized massive airlift into West Berlin in order to save lives. World opinion turned against Soviet Union for starving millions of people. U.S. was viewed as a hero by Germans. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) A military alliance, formed in 1949, by the U.S., Canada, and 10 European countries in order to prevent Soviet invasion of Western Europe. Ended isolationism! In 1955, the Soviet Union started the Warsaw Pact– an alliance between the Soviets and Eastern European countries along the iron curtain.

10. *How did the U.S. membership in NATO mark a change in their pre-WWII foreign policy?

11. Berlin Airlift • Berlin Airlift • Notes on Ch. 17.2—from The Cold War in Asia until the end of the section. • Notes on Ch. 17.3 if you complete 17.2.

12. Please read and take notes on Ch. 17.2 • Review Ch. 17.2 and 17.3 • Page 571-575 • Pages 576-583 • Make sure you read these sections and ADD YOUR OWN NOTES TO THE POWERPOINT!!!!!!!

13. Thursday 3/27 RAP • Define these terms: containment, cold war, limited war, and arms race. • What response did the Soviet Union have to NATO? • What response did the Soviet Union have to the Marshall Plan? Today: • Finish Berlin Wall • Review Ch. 17.2 • Preview Ch. 17.3 – Eisenhower and the Atomic bomb • Read Ch. 17.3 and take notes YOUR OWN NOTES TO ADD TO THE POWERPOINT.

14. COLD WAR IN ASIA • WWII caused many nations across Asia to seek independence. • Great Britain gave in to India and Pakistan in 1947-which later split into Pakistan and Bangladesh- • Dutch gave into Indonesia • China’s Nationalist forces lost to the Communist party of Mao Zedong, in 1949. • Truman tried to back the Nationalists, but it came too late. • Nationalists fled to Taiwan. • Failure to contain communism

15. Arms Race begins • Competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for greater military strengthen—known as the arms race. • National security council – (NSC -68) suggested beginning a massive buildup of weapons to stay ahead of the Soviets. • Need a massive defense budget of $13 billion.

16. *What do you think was the link between the Communist victory in China and the arms race?

17. Korea Ruled by Japan since 1910, at the end of the war it was divided at the 38th parallel. Russia influencing the North and the US influencing the South.

18. Korea • On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops followed by Soviet made tanks crossed the 38th parallel. • Truman saw the assault as a test of containment and ordered air and naval forces to Korea—without the approval of Congress. He then asked for aid from the UN • The UN backed Truman. • UN troops, led by the U.S., drove the North Koreans back to the 38th parallel. • General MacArthur persuaded Truman to let him attempt to unify Korea. • MacArthur ignored warnings from Mao to back off and crossed into China. • Chinese troops came into conflict, pushing the UN troops back across the 38th parallel. • MacArthur thought that Truman should have used Nuclear weapons against North Korea; Truman fired MacArthur.

19. Korea ended with Eisenhower and a ceasefire in 1953. • Korean War impact • Settled little. • Remained divided geographically and politically. • U.S. effects- • convinced Americans to back a huge military and to overlook the fact that Truman never sought a formal declaration of war from Congress- a fact that has greatly enhanced the power of the presidency.

20. *What precedent did Truman set for the future-for Presidents?

21. Ch. 17.3 pages 569-575 • Notes on The Cold War Deepens Ch. 17.3 • Please take notes on Cold War deepens or print the power point for tomorrow.

22. Eisenhower • Elected in 1952; a WWII hero; nickname “Ike” • Stalin had died and Nikita Khrushchev had taken his place as leader in the Soviet Union • Korean War ended in 1954 with a ceasefire. • Eisenhower was very anti-communist and strong in world affairs.

23. New Strategy for Cold War • Truman depended on armies and navies to limit wars, but Eisenhower relied on cheaper air power and nuclear weapons. • Late 1952, Truman had the first H-bomb test—nicknamed Mike-on a coral island in the South Pacific. • Pledged to meet aggression with massive retaliation- instant nuclear attack. • He had American military bases and allies circle the Soviet Union and China. • This new foreign policy was called brinkmanship – the art of never backing down from a crisis. This posed two problems: • Gave U.S. two choices- fight a nuclear battle or do nothing • Also, it led the Soviets to develop more powerful bombs, what Churchill called a “balance of terror.”

24. Soviet nuclear ability • August 1949, the Soviet Union joins the nuclear club. • July 1953, Soviets explode an H-bomb in Siberia.

25. Work for peace • He approved of the biggest H-bomb ever tested Bravo (Marshall Islands) on March 1, 1954, but he also proposed the “atoms for peace” plan to the U.N. • Radioactive fallout from H-bomb tests in the southern hemisphere led people worldwide to clamor for a halt in the arms race. • Met with Soviet leaders, in Geneva, Switzerland, to discuss disarmament. Meeting did not resolve much, except to get the two superpowers talking again.

26. How did the arms race become a global issue?

27. Freeze • 1955 and into 1956 the cold war seemed to be thawing. • Khrushchev spoke of a world where capitalism and communism could live together. • Two events revived tension with the Soviets • Soviet troops went in to Hungary to put down revolt. (1956) • Launching of Sputnik (fall of 1957)- which led to the U.S. starting National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (1959) • In 1963, Soviets and U.S. bowed to a growing world outcry and signed a test-ban treaty prohibiting nuclear testing in the atmosphere. Underground testing allowed and in outer space.

28. Military – Industrial Complex • The U.S. and Soviet continued to stock pile arms. • Interwoven military establishment and arms industry. “In the councils of government we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence…by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.? --President Dwight Eisenhower, Farewell Speech, 1961 **What is President Eisenhower saying in this quote

29. Video—Cold War— “Atomic Café” • NO talking please. • Thank you. • HW: Ch. 17.3 notes--DUE FRIDAY • Work on Map while you watch Atomic Café.