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Lymphatic Pathways, cont.

Lymphatic Pathways, cont. Thoracic duct The larger and longer duct Receives lymph from: lower limbs and abdominal regions, left upper limb, and left side of thorax, head, and neck Empties into left subclavian vein (Where is this?!?) Right lymphatic duct

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Lymphatic Pathways, cont.

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  1. Lymphatic Pathways, cont. • Thoracic duct • The larger and longer duct • Receives lymph from: lower limbs and abdominal regions, left upper limb, and left side of thorax, head, and neck • Empties into left subclavian vein (Where is this?!?) • Right lymphatic duct • Receives lymph from: right side of head and neck, right upper limb, right thorax • Empties into ??? • In the veins, lymph becomes part of the fluid part of the blood, called ???.

  2. Lymphatic Pathways Review 111 1

  3. Lymph Nodes • Why do you think lymphatic vessels pass through lymph nodes before lymph is returned to the bloodstream? (What do the lymph nodes do?) • Two primary functions: • Filtering potentially harmful particles from the lymph • Immune surveillance provided by lymphocytes(???) and macrophages(???) • Lymphocytes are produced in red bone marrow and lymph nodes.

  4. Major Locations of Lymph Nodes

  5. Real-Life • When someone has cancer, it is always really bad news when the cancer spreads into the lymph nodes. • Why would this be such a bad development? • Cancer in what area of the body do you think would be more likely to spread to the lymph nodes? WHY?

  6. Other Lymphatic Organs • Thymus • Produces T-cells (T lymphocytes), which provide immunity • Located anterior to the aorta and posterior to the upper part of the sternum (Now, where is that, really?)

  7. Other Lymphatic Organs, cont…. • Spleen • Largest lymphatic organ • Located in the upper left portion of abdomen • Spaces are filled with blood, instead of lymph – filters blood like lymph nodes filter lymph

  8. Pathogens • Based on your roots, prefixes, and suffixes for this chapter, what does “pathogen” mean? • What types of organisms can be pathogens?

  9. Defenses Against Infection • Nonspecific defense: • Rapid response • Protects against many types of pathogens • Includes: mechanical barriers, fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, • Specific defense (immunity): • Slower response • Targets certain pathogens

  10. Classification of Immunity • Active vs. passive • Naturally acquired vs. artificially acquired

  11. Evaluate the Importance of Vaccines • In the computer lab, find as much information as you can about the pros and cons of vaccinations. • Make a T-chart of the information. • Write a one-page opinion piece. • Do you think vaccination programs should continue, or not? • Support your opinion with the information you have found.

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