Matter Unit

1. Matter Unit Periodic Table Notes

2. The Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

3. 1894-1918 Ancient Times H He Midd. -1700 1923-1961 1965- 1735-1843 1843-1886 Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Discovering the Periodic Table Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989

4. Vertically intoGroups Horizontally IntoPeriods Elements are arranged:

5. Why?

6. If you looked at one atom of every element in a group you would see…

7. Each atom of a group has the same number of electrons in its outermost shell. • An example… • Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level. • The number of “valence” electrons in an atom affects the way an atom bonds. • The way an atom bonds determines many properties of the element. • This is why elements within a group usually have similar properties.

8. The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in their outer shells Be (Beryllium) Atom Mg (Magnesium) Atom

9. If you looked at an atom from each element in a period you would see…

10. Each atom of the period has the same number of electron shells or energy levels. An example…

11. The period 4 atoms each have 4 electroncontaining shells 4th Shell K (Potassium) Atom Kr (Krypton) Atom Fe (Iron) Atom

12. Each group has distinct properties • The periodic Table is divided into several groups based on the properties of different atoms.

13. http://www.lyon.edu/webdata/Users/DMcDowell/GenChem/alkalishow.htmlhttp://www.lyon.edu/webdata/Users/DMcDowell/GenChem/alkalishow.html Alkali Metals • Soft, silvery colored metals • Very reactive!!!

14. Group 1A: Alkali Metals Reaction of potassium + H2O Cutting sodium metal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

15. Alkali Metals reacting with water: • Li (Lithium)– least reactive • Na (Sodium) • K (Potassium) • Rb (Rubidium) • Cs (Cesium)–more reactive What would you expect from Francium?!?!

16. Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium Magnesium oxide

17. Alkaline Earth Metals • Silvery-White Metals • Fairly reactive • Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust

18. Transition Metals • Most are good conductors of electricity • Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets)

19. How many things can you think of that have Transition Metals in them?

21. Metalloids • Lie on either side of the “staircase” • They share properties with both metals and non-metals • Si (Silicon) and Ge (Germanium) are very important “semi-conductors”

22. Metalloids Metals and Nonmetals H 1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 Nonmetals 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4 METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5 Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 * 6 Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 W 7 La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103

23. What are semiconductors used in?

24. Nonmetals • Brittle • Do not conduct electricity

25. Halogens • Nonmetals • Most are poisonous • Fairly reactive – react with alkali metals (eg) Na+ and Cl-

26. Chlorine Gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. It was used by the Germans in World War II.

27. Chlorine Gas • The Germans were the first to use Chlorine gas at Ypres in 1915 • Chlorine gas is a lung irritant • The symptoms of gas poisoning are bright red lips, and a blue face • People affected die a slow death by suffocation • Decades later men who thought they had survived the war died from lung diseases such as Emphysema

28. CHLORINE

29. Noble Gases • Nonmetals • Unreactive • Gases at room temperature

30. Jellyfish lamps made with noble gases artist- Eric Ehlenberger

31. Colors Noble Gases produce in lamp tubes: • Ne (Neon): orange-red • Ar (Argon): pale lavender • He (Helium): pale peach • Kr (Krypton):pale silver • Xe (Xenon): pale, deep blue

32. The lanthanide series can be found naturally on Earth. • Only one element in the series is radioactive. • Also called rare-earth metals or inner-transition elements. • You might find some of these elements in superconductors, glass production, or lasers • The actinide series is much different. • They are all radioactive • Some are not found in nature. • Some of the elements with higher atomic numbers have only been made in labs. Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

33. ELEMENTS THAT EXIST ASDIATOMIC MOLECULES Remember: The “GENS” These elements exist as PAIRS when ALONE. Hydrogen (H2) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2) (P4 and S8)

34. Diatomic Elements H2 He Ne Li O2 F2 N2 Be B C Ar S Al P Na Si Cl2 S Mg Sc Ca Mn Co Cu Se K Ti Cr Fe Ni Zn Ga As Br2 V Ge Kr Y Sr Tc Rh Ag Te Rb Zr Mo Ru Pd Cd In Sb Nb Sn Xe I2 Tl La Ba Re Ir Au Po At Cs Hf W Os Pt Hg Tl Bi Ta Pb Rn Fr Ra Ac Nd Pr Gd Dy Er Ce Pm Eu Tb Ho Tm Yb Sm Lu U Pa Cm Cf Fm Th Np Am Bk Es Md No Pu Lr