Unit 1 Matter

1. Unit 1 Matter “If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves.” Thomas A. Edison

2. Matter: • Has mass • Takes up space

3. What types of matter are there? Does it matter?

4. A grocery store is organized

5. How is matter organized?

6. How is matter organized? Start like this

7. Phases of matter

8. Phases of matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas

9. Phases of matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas …best defined on substances—mixtures are harder to classify.

10. Phases of matter

11. Phases of matter Depends on temperature

12. Properties • You can describe a sample of matter by describing its properties. • Chemical properties describe the types of chemical reactions it can undergo. • Physical properties are all other properties.

13. Types of Matter • All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances

14. Types of Matter • All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances • A mixture can be separated using physical changes. No new substances are formed • A substance cannot be separated by physical means

15. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances • A substance is either an element or a compound.

16. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances • A substance is either an element or a compound. • An element is composed of identical atoms • A compound is composed of atoms of different elements chemically bonded

17. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. • An element can be a metal or a nonmetal

18. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. • An element can be a metal or a nonmetal • Metals are on the left of the periodic chart • Nonmetals are on the right

19. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. An element can be a metal or a nonmetal • A compound is either ionic or covalent

20. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. An element can be a metal or a nonmetal • A compound is either ionic or covalent • An ionic compound has a metal and a nonmetal — an ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons • A covalent compound has nonmetal atoms only —covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons

21. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. An element can be a metal or a nonmetal A compound is either ionic or covalent • A mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous

22. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. An element can be a metal or a nonmetal A compound is either ionic or covalent • A mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous • A homogeneous mixture is called a solution—has the same composition throughout • A heterogeneous mixture has chunks.

23. Types of Matter All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances A substance is either an element or a compound. An element can be a metal or a nonmetal A compound is either ionic or covalent A mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous

24. Types Matter

25. Types Matter Mixture Substance

26. Types Matter Mixture Substance Element Compound

27. Types Matter Mixture Substance Element Compound Metal Nonmetal

28. Types Matter Mixture Substance Element Compound Molecular Metal Nonmetal Ionic

29. Types Matter Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Substance Element Compound Molecular Metal Nonmetal Ionic

30. Types Matter Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Substance Element Compound Molecular Metal Nonmetal Ionic

31. barium chlorine gas tin (II) chloride sulfur dioxide water Gatorade wood solid sulfur silver (I) oxide air barium sulfide tossed salad sodium oxide sulfuric acid ammonia brass stainless steel salt water 18k gold nitrogen dioxide What type of matter?

32. Physical properties

33. melting point boiling point shape luster size of pieces crystal structure hardness malleability ductility density color mass Physical properties • volatility • state • temperature • conductivity • magnetism • volume • solubility

34. How would you separate… • A mixture can be separated into its components by physical means. • A compound can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means only

35. How would you separate… …the two components of saltwater? Contents: Salt and water!

36. How would you separate… • By evaporating or boiling off the water, leaving the salt • The hydrogen and oxygen in H2O or the sodium and chlorine in NaCl can be separated only by chemical reactions!

37. How would you separate… • …answers might include… Vaporizing Sorting Distilling Dissolving Liquefying Filtering Freezing…. …all physical changes

38. How would you separate… • A solution of alcohol and water? • Mud (water and silt)? • A mixture of chalk dust and water? • A mixture of chalk dust and powdered sugar? • Beans and rice? • Ripe and unripe tomatoes? • The carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide?

39. Chemical Reactions • When a chemical reaction occurs new substances are formed!

40. For example • Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!) • We write: H2O  H2 + O2

41. For example • Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!) • We write: H2O  H2 + O2 “forms” “and”

42. For example • Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!) • We write: H2O  H2 + O2 Or, better yet 2 H2O2 H2 + O2

43. For example 2 H2O2 H2 + O2 • The water is gone • The new hydrogen and oxygen gasses have new chemical and physical properties

44. Watch

45. Watch

46. Watch

47. Watch

48. Watch 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2

49. 2 H2O22 H2O + O2 (hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

50. 2 H2O22 H2O + O2 (hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)