The Crusades: Causes and Effects

1. Causes: -Turks (Muslims) take control of Holy Land in 1071. -Turks threaten the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople. -Byz. Emperor (Orthodox Church) asks for help from Pope Urban II (Roman Catholic Church) First Crusade Second Crusade -1096-1099 -Pope Urban II calls crusade. -Turks disorganized. -Fatimid Muslims offer to share Jerusalem. They are slaughtered by the Crusaders as crusaders turn crusade into holy war against ALL Muslims. -Christians win by capturing Jerusalem. Muslims become unified against Christians -1147-1149 -Pope Eugenius III -The city of Edessa is captured and Western Christians are slaughtered. -led by King Louis VII and the H.R.E. Conrad II. They bypass Edessa and head to Damascus. -Muslims become more unified when Christians attack Damascus. -Christians end up leaving the Holy Land unsuccessfully. The Crusades: Causes and Effects Third Crusade Forth Crusade • -1189-1192 • -Called by Pope Gregory VIII • -Goal: To take back the city of Jerusalem after it had fallen to Saladin and his Muslim armies. • -German king (Barbarosa) dies and his soldiers return home. • -French King (Philip) eventually return home also. • -King Richard I conquers city of Acre. Called the Lionheart because of his bravery. • -K.R.1 and Saladin become respectful enemies. • -Muslims win. Truce allows Christian pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem. -1202-1204 -Called by Pope Innocent III -Goal: Take back Jerusalem and Holy Land. -Crusaders never make it to H.L. -Crusaders went to Constantinople sent by pope) to restore the throne to correct emperor. -Crusaders overran the city, killed Christians and burned down libraries containing Greek texts. They also removed all gold, jewels, and holy relics from the church. -Unsuccessful for Crusaders Effects: --Increased trade with Asia – Kings become more powerful --Towns destroyed – Feudalism decreases – -- Respect for Crusaders is lost -- Tensions between, Christians, Jews, and Muslims increase.