R-KNOW Project Amman 18 April 2014 “Knowledge Sub-Network on Water, Energy and Food Nexus”

1. R-KNOW Project Amman 18 April 2014 “Knowledge Sub-Network on Water, Energy and Food Nexus” (WEF Nexus) Egypt SEARCH project is funded by the EU

2. sub-network: to increase, share and disseminate Knowledge on “Water, Energy and Food Security (WEF) Nexus” perspectives and approaches; and Illustrating through case studies

3. Problem Definition • Vast Development in the region, requires water and energy as main factors and inputs • With continuing population growth, rising incomes and urbanization, food demand will roughly double in the next fifty years • Climate change exerted extra pressures on natural resources, and increased competition in demands of three sectors • Sectors are traditionally managed in a centralized manner, with minimal coordination with other sectors • Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia

4. Objectives • Sharing and developing knowledge among relevant stakeholders • Innovating new models that address resource challenges through new technologies and efficiency gains

5. Water in the Arab Region • The region lies in the most arid area on earth and 70% of its land is dry • more than 70% of the water resources originate outside the Arab region • The average per capita share of water is approaching 500 m3/capita/year which is half the water poverty limit • surface water is insufficient to meet the escalating needs this has driven many countries to rely on other resources to fulfill their needs utilizing non-renewable groundwater, wastewater reuse, treated sewage water, and desalination

6. Food Security • Agriculture is the largest user of water resources in the Arab region; it utilizes around 85% of water whereas the world average percentage of water use in agriculture is 70%. • With continuing population growth, rising incomes and urbanization, food demand will roughly double in the next fifty years • Food security (i)food availability; (ii) food access; (iii) food utilization; and (iv) food stability. Food stability refers to the regular availability and affordability of food, so that it contributes to the nutritional security

7. Water for Food Source: FAOWATER

8. Highest High medium low Lowest Vulnerability to Food Security in Egypt

9. Energy in the Arab Region • Sixty million Arab people are without access to modern energy services mainly electricity • Arab region is well endowed with clean, renewable sources of energy, primarily solar and wind • Efficiency measures can also save up to half of the energy currently used, while maintaining the same production levels

10. Energy for Water تحتاج المحطة إلى قدرة كهربائية 250 ميجاوات للضخ بتصرف للمياه قدره 300 م3/ث (25 مليون م3/يوم) Pump station in Toshka Energy for Water for Food Pivot Irrigation in Azraq

11. Water for Energy

12. Renewable Energy

13. Source: Bonn conference, 2011

14. Nexus Approach • The approach integrates management and governance across sectors and scales, with the goal of achieving water security, sustainable energy and food security to reduce hunger, enhance basic services and improve livelihoods. • It is about Governance within the three sectors and relevant ones. It entails collaboration and coordination amongst sectors with a holistic vision and integrated planning. • This allows decision makers to develop the right strategies and plans that contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, and minimize the period for the payback of investments.

15. It can be achieved by better management of natural resources and ecosystems; i.e. integrated water resources management, land resources management and a shift towards resource use efficiency. More investments in the production of renewable energy is needed. Sustainable agricultural practices are to be adopted. • Awareness raising and information sharing are basic for the behavior changes towards better and more sustainable practices. • Participation of stakeholders and local communities in the planning processes is fundamental in the nexus approach. • Integrated planning and collective work. • Legislative and institutional frameworks to enable the environment for collaboration amongst relevant institutions for coordinated decision making.

16. Develop Initial Vision Stakeholder Analysis Nexus Vision Feedback Data Collection Reflecting Problem Analysis Assessment Documentation Data Analysis M&E Water Energy and Food Studies Planning for Water, Energy and Food Security Primary Scenario Rank Plans Implementing Finalize vision Strategies Test Strategies and Vision Scenario Implement Most Feasible Plans Finalize Plans Planning Detailed Strategy Define Actors Role Analyze Cost and Impact Select Activities Systemic Approach to WEF Nexus

17. Hence • Policy coherence • Integrated management • Resource efficiency • Produce more with less

18. State Actors • The National governments • Local authorities and utilities Non-State Actors • Business and the private sector • Civil society (communities, NGOs, media) • Farming community • Research organizations International Community and Funding Organizations

19. Formulation of the Advisory Committee The key stakeholders: • Ministry of Water Resources • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Environment • Renewable Energy • International organizations

20. The sectors of the stakeholders Users of Knowledge Management systems (& Information/Data) National Institutions and Decision Makers Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Environment New and renewable energy authority Regional & International organizations Research & Academia

21. Other Stakeholders • Water users associations • NGOs • Related NGOs (CEDARE, CARE, CEOSS,..) • Donors( UN, …….).

22. Stakeholders categorization. Ministry of Agriculture National Level Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Governorate level Farmers Ministry of Energy Agriculture department New and renewable energy authority Governorate Central Department of water resources and irrigation Community organizations Water users associations Ministry of Environment Relevant NGOs Donors

23. The number of projects under the four themes

24. Projects Information Sheet A summary sheet of each project was prepared, while these projects are classified according to the thematic Areas.

25. Criteria for selection of Case Studies Water conservation Food Security contribution Renewable energy Balance between energy, water and food security Participatory approaches

26. مشروعات مقترحة كحالات دراسية • مشروع زراعى يعمل بالطاقة الشمسية بمنطقة المُغرة بجنوب شرق القطارة، مساحة 4 آلاف فدان تمت زراعتها كاملة بأشجار الجوجوبا بنظام الرى بالتنقيط، إلى جانب زراعات النخيل والفيكس والزيتون والرمان والمحاصيل الحقلية البيئية مثل البصل والفول البلدى والبسلة والفاصوليا والذرة، وجميعها محملة على نبات الجوجوبا.

27. Case study- Jordan: Jordan implement a project that had the support of KfW (German development bank). The project takes sewage water from the area of Irbid and Northern Jordan and it treats it in three plants. The water then flows to the Jordan valley, where it irrigates fields; which increases the availability of drinking water. This project also prevents pollution as the sewage water is treated, it can also develop hydroelectricity as the water is taken to the Jordan Valley; and as the treated water is phosphorous and nitrogen rich it reduces the Jordanian farmers’ need for fertilizers.

28. THANK YOU