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Chapter 4 Minerals!

Chapter 4 Minerals!. Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth. 4.1 What in the heck is a mineral?.

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Chapter 4 Minerals!

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  1. Chapter 4Minerals! Page 84 in your book

  2. Fascinating Fact • The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth

  3. 4.1 What in the heck is a mineral? • = A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure. • * Minerals are the building blocks of rocks!

  4. Mineral Characteristics • 1. naturally occuring and inorganic • 2. definite crystalline structure • 3. solids with specific compositions

  5. “1. Naturally occurring and inorganic” • Formed only by NATURAL PROCESSES • INORGANIC = not alive and never was alive! • Ex – sugar is NOT a mineral because it came from a plant that was ALIVE!

  6. “2. Definite Crystalline Structures” • Crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.

  7. “3. Solids with specific compositions” • must be an actual solid! • And , must have the unique arrangement and correct proportions to be considered a mineral. • Ex – NaCl

  8. Get 4 Pieces of paper! • We are going to make a mineral flipbook for identification purposes! (like on page 85) • Step #1- slide your four papers up. • Step #2 – Fold the bottom half UP toward the top • Step #3 – Staple them on the crease! • Step #4 – now label them like page 85 • And then we will fill in the characteristics as we go!

  9. Mineral I.D. Characteristics! • 1. Color • 2. Luster • 3. Texture • 4. Streak • 5. Hardness • 6. Cleavage and Fracture • 7. Density and Specific Gravity

  10. 1. Color • One of the most noticeablecharacteristics • Color can be due to trace elements or compounds. • One of the least reliable clues of a mineral’s ID

  11. 2. Luster Metallic Shiny Reflects light Nonmetallic • Not shiny • Dull – due to chemical composition

  12. 3. Texture • = How a mineral feels to the touch • Con = Subjectiveto the tester • Ex – smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, or soapy

  13. 4. Streak • When a mineral is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate it leaves a colored powdered streak. Only if the mineral is softerthan the p. plate! • Nonmetallics typically leave a white streak • Useful for Metallics ID

  14. 5. Hardness • = Measure of how easily minerals can be scratched. • Measured by 10 easily recognized minerals developed by Friedrich mohs

  15. 6. Cleavage and Fracture • CleavageMinerals that have cleavage will break in a certain direction where the bonds between atoms are not strong.

  16. Fracture Minerals that do not have cleavage will fracture when they are broken. • If the fracture has a smooth curved surface it is called a conchoidal fracture, otherwise most minerals fracture irregularly

  17. 7. Density and Specific Gravity • Sometimes the same mineral may have different weights which make different densities! • D = M/V Density = mass / volume Specific Gravity is a better and more accurate measure of density by comparing the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4* C.

  18. http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/mineral_id/#Step4 • http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/Geol101/Labs/Minerals/Min10.htm • http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/id1.htmhttp://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/lep_science/earth_science/tutor/content/pdf/masters/esg3_2.pdf • www.howtoteachscience.com/freestuff/worksheets/Mineral%20Properties%20Worksheet.doc

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