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Minerals Review

Minerals Review. Ch 5. What is matter?. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. ___________________ are the smallest part of an element that has all the element’s properties. atoms.

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Minerals Review

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  1. Minerals Review Ch 5

  2. What is matter?

  3. Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

  4. ___________________ are the smallest part of an element that has all the element’s properties

  5. atoms

  6. When determining the hardness of a mineral, if the mineral scratches the item, it is ___________________ than that item.

  7. harder

  8. Protons have a ________ charge.

  9. Positive

  10. Where are electrons found in an atom?

  11. (Orbiting) around the nucleus

  12. Softest Steel file Hardest What is shown in this diagram?

  13. Mohs Scale of Hardness

  14. Most substances on Earth are not pure elements, but rather_______________ .

  15. compounds

  16. What are the 3 types of bonds between atoms?

  17. Covalent, ionic, metallic

  18. When an atom loses an electron it becomes a __________ ion.

  19. positive

  20. Which mineral is described below? • Non-metallic luster • Hardness = 7 • Fracture • Dark red to green • Glassy • Used in jewelry and abrasives • silicate

  21. garnet

  22. ____________ can have properties unlike those of the elements from which it is made, the elements that make it up combine in a fixed proportion, and can only be separated by chemical means (electricity).

  23. compounds

  24. fibrous waxy pearly silky dull earthy adamantine resinous vitreous/glassy Examples of __________ Luster

  25. Non-metallic

  26. What makes up matter?

  27. Matter is composed of elements.

  28. What is a mineral? (What are the 5 properties that make something a mineral?)

  29. …a naturally occurring, solid, inorganic substance that has a definite chemical composition & molecular structure (internal arrangement of atoms)

  30. ______________ have no charge.

  31. neutrons

  32. What is the central region of an atom called?

  33. the nucleus

  34. What are the 2 most common mineral forming elements found in earth’s crust? (by mass)

  35. Silicon & oxygen

  36. The nucleus is made up of ___________ and ______________.

  37. Protons and neutrons

  38. The ____________________ affects a mineral’s physical properties, especially shape, hardness & cleavage/fracture.

  39. internal arrangement of atoms

  40. What is the structure in the picture called? O2 - O2 - Si4+ O2 - O2 -

  41. Silicon oxygen tetrahedron

  42. Which mineral is described below? • Soft silicates (hardness = 2.5) • Perfect cleavage in 1 direction (sheets/flakes) • Used in electronics insulators, paints, plastics, rubber, roofing

  43. (biotite and muscovite) mica

  44. Why is streak a more reliable way of identifying a mineral than color?

  45. Streak color doesn’t change. A mineral’s color may change due to impurities or exposure to air/water.

  46. An atom that has a charge is called a(n) _________.

  47. ion

  48. Crystal structure determines a mineral’s _____________, or the mineral’s tendency to split along definite planes (of weak bonds between the atoms, ions, or molecules) and results in flat surfaces.

  49. Muscovite Cleavage

  50. What type of bond is shown in the picture?

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