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GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. Prof. Dr. Mahmut PARLAKTUNA MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING. INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON GEOTHERMAL GEOCHEMISRTY 02-15 June 2003 İzmir - TURKEY. RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. Determination of well locations

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GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

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  1. GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING Prof. Dr. Mahmut PARLAKTUNA MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON GEOTHERMAL GEOCHEMISRTY 02-15 June 2003 İzmir - TURKEY

  2. RESERVOIR ENGINEERING Determination of well locations Planning and interpretation of well measurements (well logging, production rates, etc.) Determination of production mechanism Performance prediction studies of reservoir behavior International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  3. RESERVOIR ENGINEERING ULTIMATE GOAL Determination of optimum production conditions to maximize the heat recovery from the reservoir under suitable economic conditions International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  4. QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED Most suitable development plan of the reservoir Number of wells with well pattern Production rates of the wellbores Heat that will be recovered Change in reservoir temperature with time Enhanced recovery techniques to increase the heat recovery from the reservoir International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  5. STEPS Define the physical processes and develop the conceptual model of the reservoir Determine the physical and chemical properties of reservoir rock and fluid Develop the mathematical and physical models of the reservoir with the help of existing data. Define initial and boundary conditions International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  6. SOME FACTORS SPECIFIC TO GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS Relatively high reservoir temperatures Volcanic origin of rocks with highly fractured characteristics Chemical precipitation of solids within the reservoir during production Boiling of water within the reservoir and/or wellbore International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  7. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS • Required conditions • A heat source • A heat carrier (except HDR) • Reservoir rock • Caprock International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  8. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS (Dickson and Fanelli, 1995) International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  9. GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS Vapor dominated systems Liquid dominated systems Geo-pressured reservoirs Hot dry rock (HDR) International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  10. ENERGY DENSITIES OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  11. ASSUMPTIONS • A hypothetical geothermal reservoir • Porosity = 20 % • Initial pressure = 47 bar • Initial temperature = 260 C • 7 bar pressure decline due to fluid production • The reservoir fluid is at either saturated liquid or saturated vapor state International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  12. SCENARIOS • Scenario-1 • Originally water, remaining water • Scenario -2 • Originally water, becoming steam • Scenario -3 • Originally steam, remaining steam International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  13. PHASE DIAGRAM International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  14. PHASE DIAGRAM International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  15. STEAM TABLES International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  16. SCENARIOS International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  17. Initially at 260 C hw1 = 1134.9 kJ/kg Vw1 = 1.275610-3m3/kg Ew1=1.780 105 kJ/m3 After 30 years production hw2 = 1085.8 kJ/kg Vw2 = 1.2513 10-3m3/kg Ew2=1.7355 105 kJ/m3 Scenario-1 • Energy produced from water • Ew=4452.5 kJ/m3 • Energy produced from rock • Er=22857 kJ/m3 Total energy Ea= 27309.5 kJ/m3 83.7 % from rock International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  18. Initially at 260 C hw1 = 1134.9 kJ/kg Vw1 = 1.275610-3m3/kg Ew1=1.780 105 kJ/m3 After 30 years production hs2 = 2800.4 kJ/kg Vs2 = 50.37 10-3m3/kg Es2=1.1193 104 kJ/m3 Scenario-2 • Energy produced from water • Ew-s=166180 kJ/m3 • Energy produced from rock • Er=22857 kJ/m3 Total energy Ea= 189670 kJ/m3 12.1 % from rock International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  19. Initially at 260 C hs1 = 2796.4 kJ/kg Vs1 = 42.13410-3m3/kg Es1=1.3274 104 kJ/m3 After 30 years production hs2 = 2800.4 kJ/kg Vs2 = 50.37 10-3m3/kg Es2=1.1193 104 kJ/m3 Scenario-3 • Energy produced from steam • Ew=2080 kJ/m3 • Energy produced from rock • Er=22857 kJ/m3 Total energy Ea= 24938 kJ/m3 91.7 % from rock International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  20. Volume of reservoir to supply a 100 MW power station with steam for a period of 30 years • Eelec= 9.46 1016 J • Ethermal= 59.46 1016 J (20 % efficiency) • Scenario 1 • V= 1.7319 1010 m3 • Scenario 2 • V=0.2494 1010 m3 • Scenario 3 • V=1.8967 1010 m3 International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  21. Temperature measurements International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  22. Negative Temperature Gradient International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  23. Flowing well International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  24. Closed well International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  25. Temperature Profiles International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  26. Well Completion Test • Injection of cold wtaer into the wellbore • The two main parameters measured • Water loss • Permeability International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  27. Water Loss Test International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  28. Example International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  29. Pressure Profiles International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  30. PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGBUILD-UP TEST International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  31. PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGBUILD-UP TEST Slope is proportional to PERMEABILITY International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  32. PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGDRAWDOWN TEST International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  33. PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGDRAWDOWN TEST Slope is proportional to PERMEABILITY International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  34. PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTINGINTERFERENCE TEST International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

  35. TRACER TEST A tracer is an identifiable substance that can be followed through the course of a process Tracers • Radioactive tracers: NaI, NH4Br, I131, Br82, H3 • Chemical tracers: NaCl, CaCl2, • Organic Dyes: Fluoresceine, Rhodamine-B, Methylene Blue • Conventioanl tracers are identified by conventional analytical methods such as CONDUCTIMETRY, SPECTROMETRY • Radioactive tracers are detected by the emitted radiation International Summer School on Geothermal Geochemistry

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