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Reservoir Fluids and Reservoir Pressure

Chapter 1 (Part 2). Reservoir Fluids and Reservoir Pressure. Reservoir Fluids. What is a Fluid? Any substance that will flow Reservoir Rock Usually Contains three Fluids: Oil Gas (Does not have to be a liquid) Salt Water. Reservoir Fluids (Salt Water).

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Reservoir Fluids and Reservoir Pressure

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  1. Chapter 1 (Part 2) Reservoir Fluids and Reservoir Pressure

  2. Reservoir Fluids • What is a Fluid? • Any substance that will flow • Reservoir Rock Usually Contains three Fluids: • Oil • Gas (Does not have to be a liquid) • Salt Water

  3. Reservoir Fluids (Salt Water) • Most reservoirs are sedimentary formations that were deposited in or near the sea. • As petroleum formed it displaced the salt water around it, but some does remain. • This is remaining water is called: Connate Water • Connate Water is distributed throughout the reservoir. • Typical Locations are at the Bottom and on the Edge of the oil zone.

  4. Reservoir Fluids (Connate Water)

  5. Reservoir Fluids (Oil) • Key Points • Oil is Lighter than water • Does not readily mix with water • Oil will not completely displace water in a reservoir • Film of water sticks to or is absorbed by the rock surrounding the oil • Film is called Wetting Water

  6. Reservoir Fluids (Oil)

  7. Reservoir Fluids (Natural Gas) • Typically contained in reservoirs with oil • One of the most valuable drives for forcing oil out of reservoirs • Occurs in two principal ways: • Solution Gas • Free Gas

  8. Reservoir Fluids (Solution Gas) • Found in High Pressure Low Temperature Conditions • Stays in solution in the oil while in the reservoir • When the oil comes to the surface and the pressure is relieved, the gas comes out of the solution. • Gas occupies space in the reservoir and is calculated when geologists determine the reservoir size.

  9. Reservoir Fluids (Free Gas) • Gas that is not dissolved in oil • Tends to accumulate at the highest part of the reservoir (Gas Cap) • Oil in the reservoir will be saturated with gas in solution as long as there is a gas cap. • Dissolved gas lowers the viscosity of the oil making it easier to move the oil into the well bore.

  10. Reservoir Fluids (Natural Gas)

  11. Reservoir Pressure • Two Types of Pressure • Normal: • When a reservoir has an outlet to the surface and the pressure is caused by the fluids in it. • Abnormal • When a reservoir has no outlet and is surrounded by impermeable formations. The overlying rock formations add to the pressure.

  12. Reservoir Pressure • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpNM3WZfCo0

  13. Reservoir Pressure(Injection vs. Production)

  14. Questions • List the three types of fluid found in a reservoir formation? • What is connate water? • Define Wetting Water. • Explain the difference between an Oil Wet formation and a Water Wet formation. • List the two principal ways gas occurs in an oil reservoir. • Why is the presence of gas important in an oil formation? • Where does gas tend to accumulate in an oil reservoir and what is it called? • What happens to the viscosity of oil when gas is dissolved into the formation it is found in? • List the two types of Reservoir Pressure. • List the two different well types found in oil production fields.

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