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EOC Review : 3-26-2012 In active transport, carrier proteins

EOC Review : 3-26-2012 In active transport, carrier proteins A. m ove substances across the cell membrane without the use of ATP. B. move from low concentration to high concentration by diffusion. C. move small molecules through the cell membrane by osmosis.

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EOC Review : 3-26-2012 In active transport, carrier proteins

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  1. EOC Review : 3-26-2012 • In active transport, carrier proteins A. move substances across the cell membrane without the use of ATP. B. move from low concentration to high concentration by diffusion. C. move small molecules through the cell membrane by osmosis. D. move substances from low concentration to high concentration through the use of energy. • In certain species of roses, white roses and red roses are incompletely dominant to each other. When a red rose and white rose are crossed, a pink rose is produced. What is the probability of producing a white rose when a red rose is crossed with a pink rose? A. 100% C. 25% B. 75% D. 0% • Down’s syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) are both the result of an extra chromosome due to which type of mutation? A. deletion C. insertion B. frameshift D. nondisjunction

  2. Patterns of Evolution • Evolution is a continuous process. • Evolution is going on today in populations of living species and can be observed, recorded and tested. • Convergent evolution - organisms that are not closely related resemble each other because they have responded to similar environments. • Species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble one another if they live in very similar environments. • Example: Ostrich (Africa) and Emu (Australia).

  3. Case Study: Caribbean Anole Lizards • At least six body types. Found on Caribbean Islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico • One type is a twig-dwelling anole lizard. • A distinct species of twig-dwelling anole is found on each island.

  4. Biologists tested DNA of twig-dwelling anoles on different islands. • Determined each species evolved independently. • Each twig-dwelling species can from different ancestors but evolved similar adaptations to similar habitats.

  5. Divergent evolution -related populations become less similar as they respond to different environments. • On same island, there are several different types of anole lizards: twig-dwelling, grass-dwelling, tree trunk-dwelling. • Lizards become adapted to particular habitats. • Adaptive radiation- divergent evolution of a new population in a new environment until the population fills many parts of the environment

  6. Natural Selection of Anole Lizard Species

  7. Artificial Selection • Process occurs when human breeder chooses individuals that will parent the next generation. • Examples: • Breed oat plants that yield more grain per stalk • Greyhounds that run faster

  8. Coevolution • Occurs when two species have evolved adaptations to each other’s influence • Process by which two species each evolve in response to changes in the other. • Coevolution is most likely to occur when two species have a close relationship and are dependent on each other in some way. • Examples: 1. Some animals produce toxins to prevent predators from eating them. Predators not affected by toxin can eat species. 2. Humming birds and plants with flowers with long tubes 3. Antibiotic resistance among bacteria

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