Topic Lecture

1. Topic Lecture Resolved: On balance, students in grade 6-12 benefit when their schools offer interscholastic sports. David Childree & Donny Peters

2. Preview What is a resolution? Key terms Pro and Con Benefits & Harms: Different topic perspectives

3. What is a resolution?

4. Resolution “a formal statement expressing the basics of a controversy” “a formal statement expressing the basics of a controversy” determines the topic “playing field”

5. Define Terms

6. On Balance Source: Dictionary.com 1. (v) “to have an equality or equivalence in weights, parts, etc.; be in equilibrium" Source: Collins English Dictionary 2. “after weighing up all the factors” Source: Your Dictionary 3. considering everything; all in all

7. Students in grades 6-12 • in the US, this is students ages 12-18 • includes public and private schools

8. Benefit Dictionary.reference.com “1. something that is advantageous or good; an advantage” Merriam Webster.com “2. something that promotes well being”

9. Offer 1of·fer verb\ˈȯ-fər, ˈä-\ : to give someone the opportunity to accept or take (something) : to say you are willing to do something : to make (something) available : to provide or supply (something) -Merriam Webster Dictionary It is provided and made available, but it is still an option people can choose to participate in, and students are not forced to participate. It also suggests funding and organization and management.

10. OFFER Does the resolution assume that a school or school system knows how to intelligently offer sports? If schools do this for the first time, and are inexperienced at offering sports, what could go wrong? The “offer” is not definite, but the benefits and harms might be definite.

11. Interscholastic sports LADH.org "sports events, competitions, etc. occurring between two or more schools"

12. Interscholastic vs. Intramural Interscholastic = athletic competition between at least 2 different schools Intramural = athletic competition within a single school

13. Pro and Con

14. Pro supports the resolution should prove the resolution true/beneficial

15. Con against the resolution proves the resolution false/not beneficial argues the pro does not support the resolution

16. Benefits & Harms: Different Topic Perspectives

17. Skill Development Benefits • Social skills, leadership skills, ability to work with others • Seeing many aspects of a big picture at once • Strategy, problem-solving skills, endurance, competition • Mobility, goal-setting, planning • Seeing obstacles as overcome-able

18. Skill Development Harms • competition over emphasized leads to lack of development of non-competitive based skills • focus shifted away from classes/ studies • peer pressure or feeling of anxiety to fit in.. popular v unpopular

19. Health and Physical Effects Benefits • Builds muscle, flexibility, cardio-respiratory function • Increases life expectancy • Can help prevent colon cancer, breast cancer • Reduces inactivity and related disease risk • Reduces depression • Reduces pregnancy rate

20. Health and Physical Effects Harms • Dangers and injuries • Performance enhancing drugs • Spread of disease/sickness

21. Health Data Approximately 40% of deaths related to coronary heart disease are related to inadequate physical activity. Physical inactivity can double risk of coronary heart disease – UK’s leading cause of death. Physical activity helps lower risk of developing (type 2) diabetes. It increases insulin sensitivity as much as 25%, so circulating concentrations of insulin and adrenaline are much lower in a physically active person. It improves blood glucose levels. The risk of colon cancer is up to 3 times higher for sedentary people than for the most active members of the population. According to the British Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology

22. Individual, Community, Society Benefits • Lower dropout rate→ increase health, decrease crime, increase job placement, money, quality of life... • College Scholarships • Rule of Law • Social Capital • Problem-solving skills in a complex world - good for politics, peace, economy, innovation...

23. Individual, Community, Society Harms • divides communities • a community’s worth is based on athletic success

24. Suicide • Effects of playing sports • Social skills, leadership skills, work with others • Seeing many aspects of a big picture at once • being able to live with a combination of good and bad outcomes, still endure, striving for better outcomes • Unhealthy side of competition http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563797/

25. Suicide • differences for boys and girls • difference between athletes and non-athletes • enforcing stereotypes • reliability

26. Economic Issues Benefits • can bring in money to the school • reduced health and hospital costs, due to less overweight and unhealthy people • less sick days at work, more productive workforce • skills on the job, making our workforce more valuable, productive, resilient, and innovative

27. Economic Issues Harms • can shift money and focus away from academics • high insurance costs and litigious society • create imbalance and conflict within a school • economic disparity can discourage some kids/schools • Could take years to perfect a profitable system… so it could be that the costs are now and the benefits are later

28. Review What is a resolution Key terms Pro & Con Benefits & harms

29. Next: Demonstration Debate