Topic Lecture

1. Topic Lecture Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the Earth’s mesosphere.

2. Quick Thoughts Back to the Future (1990-1991 Topic) Neither Domestic, Nor International Space is crazy Almost anything in space is topical Differences From Last Year *Increase vs. Decrease *Mechanism vs. Country Specific

3. The Science of Space • Planets, Asteroids, Moons • Solar System, Galaxy • Black Holes, Dark Matter • The Universe is HUGE!!! – And it’s getting bigger And it’s folding in on itself And it’s freezing • Size of Universe Clip

4. The History of Space • Everything is in context of the “Cold War” • Ideologically-Bent Space Race Clip • After the Space Race - era of the Space Shuttle • Until recently, exploration and Development is conducted almost exclusively by Governments • Accomplishments & Timeline Clip

5. The Importance of Space • Communication • Energy • Military Superiority • Prestige • What Else???

6. Space: A timely topic • CBS Report Clip • What are some reasons why its good to be discussing space right now? What makes this an interesting debate for high school students?

7. Charles Bolden - NASA • "With today's final launch of the space shuttle, we turn the page on a remarkable period of America's history in space while beginning the next chapter in our nation's extraordinary story of exploration ... American leadership in space will continue for at least the next half-century, because we've laid the foundation for success, and for us at NASA, failure is not an option," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden

8. Bush vs. Obama • Bush – Vision for Space Exploration • Constellation Project • The Bush National Space Policy was significant – it was announced in 2006 and was a substantial shift from earlier policy. • Obama – National Space Policy – rejects Bush’s policy. • War with Congress • National Security Space Strategy

9. Obama National Space Policy • The United States remains committed to many long-standing tenets in space activities. • The United States calls on all nations to share its commitment to act responsibly in space to help prevent mishaps, misperceptions, and mistrust. • The United States will engage in expanded international cooperation in space activities. • The United States is committed to a robust and competitive industrial base.

10. Obama National Space Policy • The United States recognizes the need for stability in the space environment.  • The United States will advance a bold new approach to space exploration.  • The United States remains committed to the use of space systems in support of its national and homeland security. 

11. Government Agencies • NASA • Science • Exploration Systems • Operations • Department of Defense • GPS, Guidance, Communication, etc. • Air Force Space Command • Difference between weaponization and militarization • Classified Budget

12. Agencies for Space • Department of Commerce - The Department of Commerce is mostly involved with developing regulations for the commercial use of space, issuing licenses, promoting international space cooperation agreements. Most of their actions govern satellites – like remote sensing or GPS. • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

13. International Law & Space • Outer Space Treaty - Passed in 1968. Called the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space. Ratified by 100 nations, including all current space faring nations. • EU Draft Code of Conduct - to create rules of the road for governing the development of space. It was drafted in response to the Chinese and US ASAT tests. • PPWT - Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space – PPWT.

14. Lets see what they are doing! • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/09/space-station-video-nasa_n_873812.html

15. Exploration • Does it need to be physical – do people need to go up into space? Can it include satellites? • Exploration can involve looking into space or traveling through space for the purpose of discovery. • The general term for exploration signifies investigation, search, study or travel for discovery parallel to a geographic expedition.

16. And/Or • They will say that in order for an affirmative to be topical then it must have both space exploration and development of space. Dictionaries do define and/or to mean either or both – so there may be a debate to be had over whether an affirmative has to have both.

17. Development • BIG discussion and what it means to for “development.” • Should this be a narrow interpretation? Why or why not? • The Oxford dictionary defines development as – the process of developing or being developed. • The definition of “develop” in the same dictionary is “to construct or convert so as to improve existing resources.”

18. Beyond the Earth’s Mesosphere • Wording is always important • What is the mesosphere? • 31-50 miles above the earth

19. Advantages 1/ • Economic Growth • Aerospace Competiveness • Space Leadership • Education – STEM • Human Exploration • Mining • Space Debris

20. Advantages 2/ • Warming • Asteroid – Track & Destroy • Colonization • Energy • Earth Science – Monitor Weather, etc. • International Cooperation • Aliens

21. Organizing Principles(Strategic Nexus Points) • Energy Affs– Solar, Hydrogen • Exploration Affs– E.T., Telescopes, Colonize • Military Affs– DOD, full on weaponize • Mining Affs– Moon, Asteroids, Specific REEs • Monitoring Affs – Tracking, Awareness, Earth

22. Mechanisms (Plans) Match Advantages with Plans!!! • SPS • Constellation • Asteroid Detection • Lunar Mining • Asteroid Mining • SETI • ASATs • Mars • Debris Removal • James Webb Telescope • Deep Space Propulsion • Weather Monitoring • Satellite Improvement