Strategy and programs for nanotechnology development of Korea

1. Strategy and programs for nanotechnology development of Korea Dr. Sang Hee Suh Director Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology shsuh@kist.re.kr http: //cnmt.kist.re.kr/

2. Outline • Strategy for nanotechnology development • Master Plan for NT • Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act • Programs for nanotechnology development • Infrastructures • Research programs • 21C Frontier R&D program • Recent achievements • Activities for international collaboration

3. What is expected through nanotechnology development? • It is expected to provide driving forces for continuous economic growth through technological innovation for IT, BT, and materials and energy Ts. • Creating new industries and jobs and • Giving us global competitiveness of products • It is also the key technology for sustainable growth. • Reduction of energy and material usage • Cleaner environment • Improved health care • Extend life-span, its quality, physical capabilities

4. Government approach for nanotechnology development • Environments of Korea • Follower’s position in nanotech • Comparatively scarce skilled engineers in nanotech • 1/10 of Japan • Engineering careers become unpopular • Lack of nano-scale facilities needed • Slowed economic growth • Small population • Relatively strong IT and materials technology industries • Government approach • Strong commitment of Government • Close collaboration between Govern, Research Institutes, Academia and Industry • Efficient use of resources • The national nanofab centers • Emphasis on fusion between IT, BT and NT as well as materials technologies

5. Milestones for nanotech development in Korea • NT Master Plan • NT Master Plan (2001.7) • 2002 and 2003 Action Plans for NT development • R&D of NT • Study on ultra fine structures: 1st national project for NT in Korea • Creative Research Inititives (‘97) and NRLs (’99) • Frontier Research Programs • Tera-level nanodevices (2000.7), Nanostructured materials (2002.7), Nanomechatronics & Manufacturing (2002.7) • Nanocore, Nanobasic, and Nanofundamental technologies (2002.10) • NBIT fusion technology program (2003.6) • Infrastructure for NT • National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry (2001.7) • Nano Technology Research Association (2002.1) • National NanoFab Center (2002.9) • Application-specific NanoFab Center (2003.11) • Nanocluster Centers (2003) • Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act • To prepare a solid research basis for NT and encourage industrialization of the NTs (2002. 12)

6. Vision of the Master Plan for NT development • Secure sustainable growth potential • by developing new nanotechnologies and products • By establishing major infrastructures for NT research within 5 years, • By securing world top level competitiveness by 2010 • Develop more than 10 world top technologies • Strengthen the global competitiveness of Korean industries • by developing key NT technologies and combining them with existing technologies such as IT, BT and ET. • Improve the quality of life • through improving diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, • solving environmental problems, • establishing super high speed communication networks, and • developing new energy conversion/storage materials.

7. NT Three main areas of the Master Plan R&D Infrastructures Establishment of Nano Fabrication Center Research & Development Intensive support for strategically important NT research fields Workforce Education Education of skilled workforces for NT

8. Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act • Summary • prepare and implement the Master Plan for NT development, • make Technology Road Map for NT, • select proper NTs that should be developed in Korea, • plan ‘education and training of workforces for NT’, • expand infrastructures for nanotech research, including nanofabs, • designate several research institutes specialized in NT and have them serve as bases for NT research, • construct a system for producing, circulating and managing NT technical information, • establish the national standard for measurement regarding NT, • establish ‘research complexes for NT development’, • study the implication of NT in environmental, societal and ethical problems and apply the results to policy decision for NT development.

9. 1st Phase (01-04) 2nd Phase (05-07) 3rd Phase (07-10) Sum Gov Priv Gov Priv Gov Priv Gov Priv Sum R/D 203 44 232 137 232 206 667 387 1,045 ED/TRAINING 31 - 18 - 19 - 73 - 73 Infrastructure 64 28 28 11 23 10 116 49 164 Total 298 72 284 148 274 216 855 436 1,291 Investment plan for developing nanotechnologies unit M US$

10. Roles of three government departments for NT development • Ministry of Science and Technology • Coordinate national nanotechnology development • Support mid- and long-term R&D activities for Nano Science and Technologies • Support establishing infrastructures for NT • Nanofab centers • Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy • Establish infrastructure for helping industries develop and utilize NT • Support near- and mid-term R&D activities for NT with focus on commercialization • Ministry of Information and Communication • Support R&D for IT related nanotechnologies

11. Infrastructures for nanotechnologies Nano fab centers National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry Nano clusters Web-based Information service for NT Nanotechnology Research Association

12. NanoFab Centers • Two nanofab centers • National Nanofab center • Si-based devices applications • Application-specific nano-fabrication center • Non Si-based devices applications • Sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology • Main goals • Establish NanoFab Centers that can be shared and used by NT researchers • Educate high level workforces for NT • Establish a collaboration system for NT research with domestic and foreign institutes by forming a user network

13. National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry and Nano Clusters • National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry • National base for research collaboration and industrialization of developed nanotechnologies • Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy • Three centers nationwide • National Center for Nanofabrications (Korea Electronics Technology Institute) • National Center for Development of Nanomaterials Technology (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) • National Center for Development of Nano Electronic devices Technology (Pohang University of Science and Technology) • Nano Clusters • Collaboration between R&D, manufacturing, and marketing • Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy • Two clusters planned (2003)

14. Information services for NT • Web-based information service • Center of Nanotechnology Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information • www.nanonet.info • Introduce important R&D activities and symposiums for NT • Used for public announcement of any activities related to NT • Publication and on-line service of Nano Weekly • Introduce nano news, new developments and trends in Korea and worldwide as well.

15. National Technology Research Association • NTRA of Korea was founded in 2002 to coordinate industrial needs related to the development of nanotechnology • Founding Purpose • Information gathering and sharing • Joint project proposal for the government funds • Joint project promotion between membership companies • Major activities • Organized Nano-Korea 2003 (8.27-8.30, 2003) • Planned & reported about the establishment of: • Application Specific Nano Fab Center • Nanotechnology cluster

16. Strategy for educating NT workforces • Short term strategy • Training existing workforces for NT • Recruiting foreign workforces • Mid- and long- term strategy • Establish NT departments in universities • Develop interdisciplinary education programs • Recruit or reorient professors who would educate workforces for NT • Train core workforces involved in NT R&D

17. Nanotechnology Research Programs by the Ministry of Science and Technology 10 Frontier Research Program Industrial Impact Core NT 5 Basic NT Fundamental NT 0 2007 2012 2017 Time scale for Industrialization of the developed technologies

18. Core, Basic and Fundamental NT research programs • For developing nanotechnologies in the areas in which, • big impact on the national strategic industries is expected • technological basis should be expanded, • long-term explorative research is needed, and • creative experts in NT could be trained. • Period: 6-9 years • Budget • Core NT program: ~2 M USD/y for each of 5 projects • Basic NT program: ~1 M USD/y for each of 9 projects • Fundamental NT program: 20 teams

19. Nano-systems Nano-technology Nano-materials Nano-devices 21C Frontier Research Program for Nanotechnology • R&D of nano-materials, devices and systems technologies for which • highest industrial impact is expected, • Korea should be competitive within 10 years • we have enough workforce at present. • 4 Frontier Research Centers for Nanotechnology • Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology • Center for Nanoscale Mechatronics & Manufacturing • Tera-level Nanodevice Program • Intelligent Microsystem Center • Budget • About 10 M US Dollars every year for 10 years for each Center

20. Objective of the Frontier Research Program for Nanostructured Materials Technology • Development of world-top-level nanostructured materials technologies for three main areas, • High strength nanostructured materials • Nanostructured bulk materials • Nanostructured composite materials • Hard coating materials • Environmental and energy storage materials • Catalysts for environment applications • Active materials for rechargeable batteries • Optical materials for information technology • Nanostructured materials and devices for broad band optical communication • Nanostructured materials and devices for display applications

21. Other research programs for NT • NBIT Fusion Technology Programs • 4 programs (2003) • National Research Laboratories • 20 Laboratories including Carbon Nanotube Research Laboratory, Ultrafine grained Structural Materials Laboratory and others • Creative Research Initiatives • 10 Centers including Center for Science in Nanometer Scale and others • ERC/SRC • 4 Centers including Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center and others

22. Recent Achievements

23. Carbon nanotubes as emitters for FED (Field Emission Display) Samsung SDI and LG Electronics 38 inch FED demonstrated ZnO nanorods for display applications POSTECH Achievements in devices and systems (1) Cross sectional view of typical CNT-emitters by Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology

24. Achievements in devices and systems (2) • Nano date storage system • Atomic force microscope canilever type data storage system • Density up to 300 Gb/in2 • LG and Samsung • 4 Giga NAND Flash Memory (70nm process applied) • Tera bit level Flash Memory Device • 30 nm line width • SONOS Memory (Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon) • Samsung • Atomic force microscopy • PSIA • Higher resolution with independent stages for scanning and focusing

25. Achievements in nanomaterials (1) • Carbon nano tubes • ILJIN Nanotech • SWNT, MWNT • Being used for FED emitters • Nano Carbon Ball • LG Life Science • 10 times higher capability of removing order than charcoal • Being applied for appliances for storing foods such as refrigerators

26. Achievements in nanomaterials (2) • Photocatalysts, TiO2 applications • Rear mirrors of cars, air conditioner • TIOZ • Rechargeable batteries, CMP powders for polishing Si wafers, Equal channel angular rolling for fine grained metallic materials • Korea Institute of Science and technology • Nanoscale powders for hard coating of tools • Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials • Carbon Molecular Sieve • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology MCMB/Si coating

27. Measures for encouraging international collaboration • Technical forums for nanotechnologies • Korea-US Nanoforum, Oct. 2003 • Korea-Italy Tech forum, Oct. 2003 • Korea-Canada Nanoforum, Oct. 2003 • Korea-China Tech forum, Nov. 2003 • Korea-UK Nanoforum, Jan. 2004 • Government encourages project managers and leaders to have collaboration with foreign countries

28. Summary • Korea is allocating “not small” budget for the nanotechnology development. • Comparing to the USA or Japan, this budget is still very small. • Korea’s approach should be different from those of the U.S.A. and Japan; • Government strongly commits to initiate NT development programs. • Efficient use of resources is needed. • Careful choice of R&D themes and concentration is required. • A broad area of nanotechnology is currently being explored. • Nanotechnology should help Korea’s some industries keep their leading edge: • Examples: Display, Memory, TFT-LCD, Optical Storage, Appliances