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Understanding Motor Development: A Comprehensive Overview

Explore the phases of motor development, from reflexive to specialized movements, in the context of dynamic systems theory. Learn about selected primitive and postural reflexes, infant reflexive behaviors, and fundamental movement abilities. Gallahue's Lifespan Model of Motor Development is also discussed.

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Understanding Motor Development: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. chapter19 Motor Development John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue

  2. TIE T = task requirements I = individual differences E = environmental factors

  3. A Transactional Model of Causality in Motor Development and Movement Skill Acquisition

  4. Categories of Movement • Stability • Locomotion • Manipulation

  5. Motor DevelopmentTheoretical Frameworks • Dynamic systems theory • Phases of motor development

  6. Dynamic Systems Theory • Affordances—enabling factors • Rate limiters—inhibiting factors

  7. Phases of Motor Development • Reflexive • Rudimentary • Fundamental • Specialized

  8. Reflexive Movement Phase • Information encoding stage (in utero to 4 months) • Information decoding stage (4 months to 1 year)

  9. Rudimentary Movement Phase • Reflex inhibition stage (birth to 1 year) • Precontrol stage (1 to 2 years)

  10. Fundamental Movement Phase • Initial stage (2 to 3 years) • Elementary stage (4 to 5 years) • Mature stage (6 to 7 years)

  11. Specialized Movement Phase • Transition stage (7 to 10 years) • Application stage (11 to 13 years) • Lifelong utilization stage (14 years and up)

  12. The Hourglass: Gallahue’s Lifespan Model of Motor Development Reprinted, by permission, from D.L. Gallahue and J.C. Ozmun, 2002, Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults, 5th edition (Boston: McGraw-Hill), 92.

  13. Infant Reflexes • Primitive reflexes • Postural reflexes

  14. Selected Primitive Reflexes • Moro • Asymmetrical tonic neck • Symmetrical tonic neck • Grasping • Babinski • Sucking

  15. Selected Postural Reflexes • Labyrinthine righting • Supportive reactions • Pull-up • Stepping • Crawling • Swimming

  16. Infant Reflexive Behavior Indicating Possible Neurological Developmental Delay • Nonexistence of reflex response • Weakness of reflex response • Asymmetrical reflex response • Persistence of reflex response

  17. Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Stability) • Control of head and neck • Control of trunk • Sitting • Standing

  18. Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Locomotor) • Horizontal movements • Upright gait

  19. Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Manipulative) • Reaching • Grasping • Releasing

  20. Selected FundamentalMovement Abilities(Manipulative) • Throwing • Catching • Kicking • Striking

  21. Selected FundamentalMovement Abilities(Locomotor) • Running • Jumping • Hopping • Galloping

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