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Pollution

Pollution. Any substance added to the environment that is harmful to organisms. Types…. Pollution can poison the air, water, soil. 1) Toxic Chemicals 2) Air Emissions (Acid Rain, Smog, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases) 3) Sewage 4) Garbage 5) Fertilizers 6) Pesticides

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Pollution

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  1. Pollution Any substance added to the environment that is harmful to organisms.

  2. Types…. Pollution can poison the air, water, soil. 1) Toxic Chemicals 2) Air Emissions (Acid Rain, Smog, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases) 3) Sewage 4) Garbage 5) Fertilizers 6) Pesticides 7) Soil erosion and run-off 8) Ground Water Contamination 9) Thermal Pollution 10) Urban and Rural

  3. Point vs Non-point Sources

  4. Our Focus • Bio-accumulation or Bio-magnification of Persistent Chemicals and Heavy Metals • Eutrophication or Nutrient Pollution of Water

  5. Persistent Chemicals • They are toxic • They resist bio-degradation • They bio-accumulate • They can be transported through air, water, and species far from their place of release

  6. Examples of Persistant Chemicals • Pesticides - Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrine, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex, Toxaphene (Camphechlor), Hexachlorobenzene • Produced unintentionally as a result of combustion - Dioxins, Furans • Used in manufactured goods - Polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

  7. Heavy Metals • Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, Uranium, Nickel

  8. Bio-accumulation or Bio-magnification

  9. Bio-accumulation or Bio-magnification Persistant toxic chemicals accumulate in organisms higher up the food chain, because they live longer and eat more.

  10. Lake OntarioContamination

  11. Lake Ontario - Don’t eat the fish!

  12. Toxic Chemicals in Breast Milk,Sweden 1970-2000

  13. Lake Ontario Pollution http://archives.cbc.ca/environment/pollution/topics/1390/ (Scroll to video #18 “IJC warns against eating Great…”) Or go to digital video archives…environment…

  14. Eutrophication

  15. Eutrophic Lakes (unnatural) • Cloudy water due to lots of algae and plankton (high turbidity) • Low O2 concentration • Poor light penetration • Nutrient enriched • Lots of decomposition • Lower fish biodiversity Oligotrophic Lakes (most lakes) • Clear water (low turbidity) • High O2concentration • Good light penetration • Nutrient deficient • Higher fish biodiversity

  16. Cultural Eutrophication Sequence • Humans add nutrients to a water system. eg. Fertilizers (nitrates, phosphates) eg. Soaps and detergents eg. Sewage and manure • Phytoplankton and algae (plants) thrive on the nutrients (algal bloom). • Increased algae growth causes more decomposition by bacteria and decomposers. • Increased bacteria lowers the dissolved O2 concentration in the water. Result = Kills species, especially fish that need a higher concentration of dissolved O2 to survive.

  17. Biological Oxygen Demand(B.O.D.) A measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) needed by decomposers (bacteria) to break down organic matter in a water system. (measured over a 5 day period)

  18. Eutrophication of Lake Erie

  19. Lake Erie Recovery • Ban on phosphates in soaps and detergents • Reduced use of fertilizers • Better sewage treatment • Better manure storage • Zebra mussels http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/habitats-environment/freshwater/lake-erie.html

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