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Middle East NOTES

Middle East NOTES. What do we already know about the Middle East ?. What do we already know about the Middle East ? Pre-Test T/F - The U.S. is currently fighting a war in the Middle East. Which country in this region is among the closest allies of the US?

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Middle East NOTES

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  1. Middle East NOTES

  2. What do we already know about the Middle East ?

  3. What do we already know about the Middle East ? • Pre-Test • T/F- The U.S. is currently fighting a war in the Middle East. • Which country in this region is among the closest allies of the US? • Into which middle eastern country did the US go to war after 9-11-01? • T/F- The international community is concerned with protecting waterways in the middle east. • What middle eastern city is significant to Jews, Muslims, and Christians? • T/F- All Muslim women cover their faces. • T/F- You can ski in the Middle East.

  4. how physical and cultural geography shape the environment, nations, and people of the Middle East What we are going to learn:

  5. I. Introduction • The term Middle East refers to the region which is between Europe and the Far East. • The Middle East is only 'middle' in relation to Europe. • A very euro-centric term! • Today, this region is also referred to as the Near East or Southwest Asia.

  6. Due to religion, language and culture, North Africa is also included in this area. • The Middle East consists of 19 countries and almost 350 million people. • The major languages are Arabic, Turkish, Hebrew, Kurdish, Persian, Greek, and Armenian. • The three major religions are Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

  7. The Middle East stands at the crossroads to three continents: • 1. Africa • 2. Asia • 3. Europe • Besides the location, the • region is the crossroad • between • Faiths… has led • to conflict!

  8. The Middle East has served as a melting pot for the world. • Due to the location, traders have passed through on land and over seas to transport goods. • Along with traders, this area has been conquered by numerous groups of people. • All of these groups gradually combined to formulate what is considered Middle East. • The location and the vast amount of oil reserves, has given the Middle East a strategic importance today. • Why is oil so Important??? • What would happen without it?

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pF-kgZf2nFI Arab Music…

  10. II. Regions A. There are 6 geographical regions of the Middle East.

  11. Which is missing? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro8m4c-o4bc

  12. There is several Islamic nations that are located in the former Soviet Union. They are Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.

  13. You may have heard of this region… • Disputed regions & Violence? • Sochi? • Boston? • Energy? • Movies? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_I3tIjztj8&list=RD4_I3tIjztj8#t=71

  14. Shade the following regions accordingly: • Maghreb- Brown • Nile River Valley- Blue • Arabian Peninsula- Yellow • Fertile Crescent- Green • Iranian Plateau- Orange • Northern Tier- Red

  15. Shade the following regions accordingly: • Maghreb- Brown • Nile River Valley- Blue • Arabian Peninsula- Yellow • Fertile Crescent- Green • Iranian Plateau- Orange • Northern Tier- Red

  16. 1/30/14 http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/29/studentnews/sn-curriculum-thu/index.html Syria

  17. Understand how the physical geography has impacted the people of the Southwest Asia (aka Middle East) and how they have adapted to it to meet their needs What we are going to learn:

  18. III. Geographical Features- WATER! A. The key feature of the Middle East is water. There is an old saying from the region, "Where there is water, there is life". The population density increases around sources of water. In Cairo, there are almost 350,000 people per square mile. NYC has almost 66,000 and Pittsburgh has almost 7,000.

  19. The Mighty Nile River:“Longest River in the World”

  20. Egypt: The “Gift of the Nile” Nile Delta Annual Nile Flooding 95% of the Egyptian people live on 5% of the land!

  21. Aswan High Dam, Egypt HydroelectricPower Plant

  22. Suez Canal Completed by the British in 1869

  23. The Tigris & EuphratesRiver System Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the Two Rivers” Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq

  24. TheJordan RiverSystem: Israel & Jordan--A Fight OverWater Rights?

  25. Dead Sea:Lowest Point on Earth 2,300’ below sea level HighestSaltContent(33%) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTcyACmiaho

  26. Wadis – Instant Springshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnOhnzJ5pwo

  27. Understand how the physical geography has impacted the people of the Southwest Asia (aka Middle East) and how they have adapted to it to meet their needs What we are going to learn:

  28. B. The Middle East is dominated by two features; mountains and plateaus. When you combine these two features desertification is the result. 1. Desertification – The reduction of plant life due to external factors. C. Desertification is caused by several reasons. 1. Overgrazing livestock in areas that contain mostly scrub grass. 2. Poor soil that cannot sustain the overuse by the livestock. 3. The mountain affect forces the warm moist air to rise where it then cools. The moisture which is created then falls on one side of the mountain. 4. The heavy rainfall may then cause flooding… How does this cause desertification??? 5. The Nile River receives flood waters during the rainy seasons.

  29. Geographical Features- Mountains & Plateaus Caucasus Mts. AnatolianPlateau Elburz Mts. Iranian Plateau Taurus Mts. Zagros Mts. Atlas Mts. Hejaz Mts.

  30. Mountain Ranges in Mid-East Elburz Mts., Iran Zagros Mts., Iran Lebanese Mts. Taurus Mts., Turkey

  31. Geographical Features- Deserts SinaiDesert NegevDesert Libyan Desert ArabianDesert Rubal-Khali Sahara Desert

  32. Desert Bedouins

  33. Bedouins • A. Traditionally, the people of the Middle East were nomadic. The Bedouins tribes used overland caravans to direct traders through the deserts on camels and horses. They are famous for developing the Arabian horse that has great speed and durability. • B. There are two types of Bedouins. • 1. Horizontal Nomads – Follow the “rains” on “plains”. They travel from wadi to wadi. • a. Wadi– A river bed which is dry except during the rainy season. • 2. Vertical Nomads – Go up and down the mountains. They travel up during the dry season and down during the rainy season.

  34. C. The Bedouins wore a traditional robe, which enabled them to keep their core temperature low in the desert. 1. Ginutra – Head scarf worn to reduce sand exposure. 2. Agal– Headband 3. Thobe – Robe 4. Besnt – Outer cape that was generally black or brown. 5. Sandals – They enabled the sand to fall in and out easily.

  35. D. The Bedouins traditionally lived in a black tent. The color was chosen to absorb heat. The tents would contain a pillow and a heater for the lower temperatures at night. Dried cow or goat dung was burned in the fires at night. They would bathe two times year.

  36. E. Due to the size of the group, the Bedouins had to establish marriage practices to ensure their continuation. • 1. Endogamy– Marrying someone inside the group. • a. If a group follows endogamy, it has to be large. The major problem is the health risks of marrying someone who is closely related to you. • 2. Exogamy –Marrying someone outside of the group. • b. Enforced by small groups.

  37. The Bedouins make up only 3% of the population in the Middle East. • Most of them do not still live in the traditional manner. Instead of horses and camels, today’s Bedouin owes Jeeps and pick up trucks. Many of the younger men have been able to find employment in the army, oil fields, or deliver goods from the desert to the city. Those who chose to live in the traditional manner, mainly herd sheep, goats, and camels. The changing lifestyle of these once nomadic herders and traders can be seen in the creation of “The Bedouin Hour” on radio Kuwait.

  38. Swarms of Desert Locusts! Israel Hit By Worst Locust Plague Since the 1950s! Locusts Swarm the Pyramids Complex at Giza! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Of7FRRVLR4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L19Zh6Injzw

  39. According to this article, how large are desert locust swarms? What detail indicates the destruction capability of desert locusts? What has been different about the desert locusts this year? What is this attributed to?

  40. Breeding Areas of Desert Locusts

  41. Rub al-Khali:“The Empty Quarter” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwC2I22HBPc

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