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Modern Middle East Notes

Explore key events and sources of conflict in the modern Middle East, from religious differences to the Iran-Iraq War and Persian Gulf War. Understand the complex dynamics shaping the region.

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Modern Middle East Notes

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  1. Modern Middle East Notes Ms. Hunt RMS IB Middle School 2012-2013

  2. Agenda: Monday, March 12th, 2012 • OBJ: To acquire knowledge of modern Middle East events by creating a political map, recording notes and reviewing the information through a ticket out the door. • 1. Journal • 2. Map Work- Modern Middle East • 3. Notes- 20th Century Middle East Events • 4. Ticket Out the Door • HW: Review your notes for 20 minutes

  3. Journal: March 12th, 2012 • Describe the similarities and differences between Islam, Judaism and Christianity. • You may use your notes from Unit 2 and the monotheistic chart to help you recall information.

  4. Modern Middle East Map • Label the following on your political map of the Middle East… • Countries • Turkey • Egypt • Jordan • Syria • Israel • Lebanon • Cyrus • Kuwait • Iraq • Saudi Arabia • Yemen • Oman • United Arab Emirate (UAE) • Iran • Cities (Mark with a star) • Baghdad • Istanbul • Tehran • Abu Dhabi • Sanaa • Amnam • Rivers • Tigris • Euphrates *Color your map green for fertile land, light brown for desert, and blue for water ways!

  5. Sources of Modern Middle East Conflict • Religious Differences • Different religions • Sunnis (leader is a member of the Muslim community) vs. Shia’s (Direct descendant of Muhammad) • Ethnic Groups • Persians (Iran) vs. Arabs (Iraq) • Nationalism • Some ethnic groups wish for an independent nation instead of a multi-ethnic one • Kurds- mountain people from Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey (Multiple violent struggles for independence) • Fundamentalism • Belief in following your religion directly, as outline by holy text • Theocratic Government- religion based • Example- 1979, Shi’ite leader Khomeini took over Iran, ended all westernization and instilled fundamentalist beliefs over the government and country

  6. 20th Century Modern East History • Palestine- Arab region lived on by Jewish people for over 2000 years • Controlled by Great Britain, following WWII, Jewish refugees fled Europe for safety, many immigrated to Palestine • 1947- United Nations involved to end disagreement with traditional Arab population and recent Jewish immigrants • Palestine divides • Part 1 Arab • Part 2 Jewish • 1948- Israel becomes independent state for Jewish people (Gaza Strip and the West Bank) • Arab—Israeli Wars • Arab nations declared war, they did not agree with the creation of the Jewish state • Israel wins the first of multiple wars (1948, 1967, and 1973)

  7. Arab- Israeli Wars • Over 700,000 Palestinian Arab refugees fled to other countries during the wars • Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)- goal est. an independent Palestinian State • Throughout wars, constant shifts of territory between Israelis and Palestinians • Peace Attempts • 1979- Egypt makes peace with Israel • 1993- Palestinian and Israel peace agreement signed • PLO recognizes Israel as a state • Israel gave territory to the Palestinians

  8. Iran- Iraq War • OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Made up of Arabian Peninsula countries who wished to control the global economy of oil prices and shipment, 1960 • Long lasting dispute over who controlled oil rich territory • Revolution in Iran- People upset with the Shah (king) • Looked to new leader- Khomeini (religious leader) • Shah overthrown • Changed to Islamic Conservative Laws • 1980- Iraq invaded Iran (Led by Saddam Hussein) • 8 year war • Over 1 million people died • 1988- cease fire agreement signed (written by the United Nations) • No clear winner

  9. Persian Gulf War • 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait for the oil supply • Saddam Hussein (Iraq’s leader) led the invasion • United Nations- trade embargo to stop Iraq from profiting • January 16th, 1991- multi- nation missile attack began on Iraq • US military titled the operation “Desert Storm” to help Kuwait • February 24th- Ground attack begins • Lasted 100 hours • Iraq surrendered • Saddam’s forces left Kuwait • Both Iraq and Kuwait suffered much destruction from the attacks

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