NAMASTE

1. gd:]t NAMASTE Good Morning

2. Rabin Man Shrestha, Chief Environment Management Department Kathmandu Metropolitan City Office, Nepal Kathmandu Valley Environment OutlookPolicy ImpactsResulting from the Application of UNEP/IEA Methodology

5. Kathmandu Valley Environment Outlook (KVEO) Report (OECD’s Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Framework)  An excellent piece of work containing a detailed account of The Status of Kathmandu Valley Environment.  Special Feature Identification of Emerging Environmental Problems Plus Specific Recommendations for Future Action

6. Presentation Summary • Introduction • DPSIR Framework • KTM Valley Environment • Drivers • Pressure • State • Impact • Response

7. DPSIR Framework • Driver • Fundamental processes in society that drive activities having direct impact on environment • Pressure • Human activities or social & economic sectors • State • Environmental state & trends • Impact • Effect on human well being (economic, social & environmental) • Response • Interventions on drivers, pressures or impacts to manage state

8. D Kathmandu Centric Development Political Instability Weak Institutions Increased Pollulting Substances Rapid Urbanization Haphazard Growth Multidimensional Life Activities P Rapidly Deteriorating Environment S Health Effects Economic Disparity I Government & Projects Private Sector Civil Society/NGOs R DPSIR Framework & KTM Valley’s Environment

9. Kathmandu Valley in Pictures

10. Kathmandu Valleyat a Glance Kathmandu Valley ( 3 districts) (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur) Area : 899 sq. km Population: 1,647,092 (2001) Population growth: urban : 5.22 %, rural: 2.50 % Road length : 1,331 km Drinking water facilities: 74.67 % Literacy rate: male: 82.87% female: 62.23 % National plus International Centre Services and Activities Socio-economic, cultural, political educational, administrative, financial, industrial, transportation, health, tourism, sports etc.

11. Key Environmental Issues Identified by KVEO • Air quality and traffic management • Settlement Pattern • Drinking water resources • Waste management • Natural Disaster Preparedness

12. Air Quality and Traffic Management • Drivers: Kathmandu- centric development, Weak institutional capacity, Increasing affluence and Modernization • Pressure: Urbanization, Haphazard growth, Unplanned settlement, Vehicular emissions, Increase in number of vehicles, Industrial emissions • State: High level of suspended particulate matter, Gaseous pollutants, Toxic pollutants • Impact: Health, Tourism, Socio-Economic Condition • Response: Ban on diesel three wheelers and Polluting moving chimney Bulls trench kilns, Establishment of vehicular emissions standards and national ambient air quality standard

13. Settlement Pattern • Driver: Exceptionally scenic beauty, Pleasant climate, Socially and culturally docile people, Better amenities, Infrastructures and institutions of all kinds, Better job opportunities, Improved transport and communication, Comparatively low density of population, Room for further growth of population • Pressure: Change in the settlement pattern, Expansion of industry, Service sectors, Extension of city due to economic and political activities • State: Unprecedented land subdivision and building construction • Impact: River pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste management, Decrease in Agricultural land, Traffic congestion, Deterioration of cultural heritage • Response: Planning initiatives, Investments, Institutional set-up, Legal and policy framework, Construction of outer ring road

14. Drinking Water Resources • Driver: Urban population growth, Tourism, Agricultural and Infrastructural development • Pressure: Water quality, Increase in use of agro-chemicals, Change in land-use pattern • State: Surface and ground Water, public and private supply system and household drawing of underground water, inadequate supply • Impact: Water ecology, Wetlands, Public health • Response: Water resources acts, Legislations, Collaboration with different organization, commitments to various conventions, treaties, Agreements related to water and sanitation, and ecology

15. Waste Management • Drivers: Centralization and Rapid urban growth • Pressure: Rapid urban growth, Unplanned and haphazard urban expansion, Change in consumption pattern and living standard, Commerce, Business, Industry and Service sectors • State: 434.9 tons a day in the valley • Impact: Health, Air, Water and River pollution • Response: Formulation of rules, Regulation, Plans, Programmes and projects – Clean Kathmandu Valley Study

16. Natural Disaster Preparedness • Drivers: Destructive earthquake resulting from its location in the seismic zone, Centralized development of Kathmandu valley with high population growth, Landslides resulting from geo-morpho-physical and human intervention • Pressure: Encroachment of river corridors and open land, haphazard construction of buildings and sky-scrappers • State: Most buildings, bridges and other constructions are old and vulnerable to earthquake even of moderate size, Inadequate Hospital and Fire-brigade services, very poor earthquake monitory system • Impact : Huge loss of life and property, Environmental imbalance, Damage to important infra-structures ( roads, dams, sewerage system, bridges, disruption of socio-economic condition). • Response: Involvement of many government agencies, municipalities, media, Initiative from NGO’s, legal provision Lack of education, planning, political instability

17. PROBLEMS AND POLICY KVEO RECOMMENDATIONS

18. KVEO RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY AND ACTIONinA NUTSHELL Direct options for management by various levels of government, civil society, the public-private sector and resident that include • Improved planning and zoning • Land pooling • Better solid waste management • Rainwater harvesting • Infrastructure and technical measures • Improved coordination and enforcement • Community mobilization

19. Review of GEO/IEA TRAINING MANUAL APPLICATION • Yearly publication of SOE by MOEST/ Nepal • Allocation of yearly budget (government and municipalities) • Environmental sustainability program – on going (ICIMOD) • Environmental awareness programs for newly elected constituent assembly members Environmental Activities

20. Some Pertinent Institutional Problems • Municipalities, as well as central government, have very limited resources (human & financial) to manage urban growth and environment • Proper planning & monitoring is rarely done • Division of responsibility not clear & coordination is weak • Weak enforcement mechanism • Poor traffic management • Unplanned settlements with inadequate facilities for transport • Environment: a less priority issue

21. Last Year Specific Problems • Volatile political environment • Lack of peaceful environment • Unstable government • Manpower deficiency • Migration of qualified personnels

22. KVEO REPORT • High demand but unavailable to general public • Need of revised edition plus vernacular version • Time to time discussion and meeting with stakeholders like municipalities, experts, organizations and others • Use it for Environment Advocacy Movement • Facilitate policy and decision makers in order to make them able to address the environmental issues at priority level • Use it for a sustainable development of the valley

23. A Ray of Hope • Newly Elected Constituent Assembly and its Members • The Dawn of a New Nepal with New Government with Strong Political Will and New Commitments • Strong Support and Firm Commitment for Cooperation from International Community • New Political Structure: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal with full participation of all sections of the Nepalese People.

24. thank you