Engineering Orientation Solar Experiment

1. Engineering Orientation Solar Experiment The Green Smart Factory - “Saving money and keeping the environment safe by thinking smart” Team #4: Alviz, Catherine Castano, Andres Lezcano, Hansel Polanco, Victor Sousa, Carlos Experiment Mentor: Prof. Wilmer Arellano Senior Design Mentor: Dr. Osama Mohammed

2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Senior Design Project • Definition of a PV System • Types of PV Systems • Arduino kit • Sample circuit • Microcontroller – algorithm explanation • Relay operation explanation • Live demonstration

3. TEAM MEMBERS • Hansel Lezcano • Computer Engineering Major • Responsible for all the Matlab programming inside the controller • Catherine Alviz • Electrical Engineering Major specializing in Microcomputers • Work experience in design, maintenance, and assemblage of electronic equipment • Andres Castano • Electrical Engineering Major specializing in Control Systems • Focus on the control design, and has experience in PV installation and design, fire suppression controls systems • Victor Polanco • Electrical Engineering Major specializing in Power Systems • Confronts all energy related problems • Electrical Technician experience • Carlos Sousa • Electrical Engineering Major specializing in Power Systems • Team Leader • Experience in assembly of Mechanical equipment

4. SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT • Original project from an innovative ideas – improvement/different approach to existing design • Research, design, and implementation throughout two semesters (or one, depending on major) • Working in teams and managing time properly are the key • Platform for new inventions and excellent way to showcase the leadership and technical qualities of the FIU student population

5. THE GREEN SMART FACTORY • Development of an Energy Management System • Two sources: solar and utility • Multiple loads: motors, and lighting • Renewable source will be used when utility rates are high • Goal is to reduce electricity costs without disturbing the loads • Vital aspects of our Senior Design Project: • Multidisciplinary collaboration and successful teamwork • Developing a plan of action • Detailed research of the topic • Work with anticipation!

6. WHAT IS A PV SYSTEM? • A photovoltaic system is a system which uses one or more solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. • It consist of multiple components, including: - PV modules - Mechanical and electrical connections - Mountings - Means of regulating and/or modifying the electrical output.

7. Figure 1 – Grid Connected PV System

8. Monocrystalline • Cells cut from a single crystal of silicon • They are a slice of crystal indeed • In appearance, it will have a smooth texture and you willbe able to see the thickness of the slice. • Most efficient and the most expensive to produce. • Rigid and must be mounted in a rigid frame to protect them. TYPES OF SILICON-BASED PV PANELS

9. TYPES OF SILICON-BASED PV PANELS - 2 2. Policrystalline • Cells are effectively a slice cut from a block of silicon • Large number of crystals • Speckled reflective appearance • Less efficient and less expensive than monocrystalline cells • Rigid frame needed

10. TYPES OF SILICON-BASED PV PANELS - 3 3. Amorphous cells • They are assembled by placing a thin film of amorphous (non crystalline) silicon onto a wide choice of surfaces • Least efficient / least expensive • Flexible • Power output reduces over time, particularly during the first few months, after which time they are basically stable • The quoted output of an amorphous panel should be that produced after this stabilization

11. Figure 2 – Photovoltaic Power Station in Germany Figure 3 – Old house renewed with solar panels

12. ARDUINO KIT • Is an open-source single-board microcontroller • Easily implemented in various multidisciplinary projects • Programmed using language similar to C++ • Detailed explanations are provided for each exercise • Vital to understand the operation of a microcontroller and how it can operate certain components! Figure 4 – Size of Arduino Board

13. SAMPLE EXERCISE • Two sources will be used – solar panel and battery • Microcontroller will switch from one to another depending on which is generating higher voltage • Relay will perform switching operation Figure 5 – Circuit assembly

14. MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING

15. analogRead() • The analogRead() method reads the value of an analog input pin. • Possible values range is 0-1023, where 0 is 0 volts and 1023 is 5 volts.

16. 2. if (conditional) and ==, !=, <, > (comparison operators) • if, which is used in conjunction with a comparison operator, tests whether a certain condition has been reached, such as an input being above a certain number. The format for an if test is:

17. WHAT’S A RELAY? • Is an electrically operated switch • Used to control different loads or sources with a single circuit • Various types – DPDT to be used in this sample exercise Figure 6 – DPDT Relay Figure 7 – Wiring Diagram of DPDT

18. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC

19. SUMMARY • SD project – final step in the pursue of your degree • Teamwork, organization, and communication are key! • PV Systems are growing throughout the industry • Monocristallyne, policristallyne, and amorphous panels • Sample assignment includes Microcontrollers, Transistors, and Motors – some of the most frequently used components in a Senior Design Project