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LNG & Hydrates

LNG & Hydrates. Jennifer Reese October 20, 2005. Non-Traditional Hydrocarbon. At higher oil and gas prices, more projects become economical Coal Bed Methane Tar Sands LNG Hydrates. LNG, LPG, NGL, CNG?. LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas Gas depleted of water & high MW gases cooled to –270 º F

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LNG & Hydrates

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  1. LNG & Hydrates Jennifer Reese October 20, 2005

  2. Non-Traditional Hydrocarbon At higher oil and gas prices, more projects become economical • Coal Bed Methane • Tar Sands • LNG • Hydrates

  3. LNG, LPG, NGL, CNG? • LNG– Liquefied Natural Gas • Gas depleted of water & high MW gases cooled to –270ºF • 95% Methane • LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas • Liquid at room temperature & pressures less than 200 psi • 95% Propane & Butane • NGL – Natural Gas Liquids • Extracted to meet pipeline specifications • 95% Ethane, Propane & Butane • CNG – Compressed Natural Gas • Gas compressed at high pressure –being used as car fuel • Pipeline Natural Gas Composition

  4. Pros and Cons of LNG • Pros • Can get stranded gas reserves to markets • Reduces gas volume to 1/600 of its original volume • Cons • Massive investment required

  5. LNG Transport vs. Pipeline Gas Pipeline: Onshore Gas Pipeline: Offshore LNG

  6. LNG Trade

  7. Gas Hydrates • Gas hydrates • crystalline solid • Methane molecule caged by water molecules • Similar to ice • Stable at high pressure

  8. Hydrates • Contain great concentrations of methane • Potential future energy resource • Reserve supply close to home • 14.1 mole % methane concentration • 1m3 of hydrate contains about 170m3 of methane gas • Hydrates effectively cement formations, creating gas traps below

  9. Where are hydrates found?

  10. Hydrates and Global Climate • Methane is a greenhouse gas ~20 times more effective than CO2 • Breakdown of hydrates can cause stability issues

  11. Government Policies • LNG • Regulated by FERC • Gas Hydrates • Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000 • Begin hydrate R&D program • Energy Policy Act of 2005 • Amendment extends funding for methane R&D through 2010

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