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Chemical Reactions Exploration: Reactivity and Transformations

Discover the world of chemical reactions in this educational journey, exploring synthesis, decomposition, displacement, and combustion reactions. Learn about polymerization, energy changes, and conservation of atoms in reactions.

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Chemical Reactions Exploration: Reactivity and Transformations

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  1. UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes • Chapter 12 Atoms and the Periodic Table • Chapter 13 Compounds • Chapter 14 Changes in Matter • Chapter 15 Chemical Cycles and Climate Change

  2. Chapter Fourteen: Changes in Matter • 14.1 Chemical Reactions • 14.2 Types of Reactions • 14.3 Energy and Chemical Reactions • 14.4 Nuclear Reactions

  3. Chapter 14.2 Learning Goals • Classify reactions based on how atoms combine to create new substances. • Discuss applications of polymer science. • Study examples of combustion reactions.

  4. Key Question: How are atoms conserved in a chemical reaction? Investigation 14B Balancing Chemical Equations

  5. 14.2 Synthesis reactions • In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

  6. 14.2 Synthesis reaction A+B----->AB Fe (s)+O2 (g)----->Fe2O3(s) Remember to balance! Fe+O2----->Fe2O3 4 3 2

  7. 14.2 Synthesis reactions • The process of creating large molecules from small ones is called polymerization.

  8. 14.2 Decomposition reactions • A chemical reaction in which a single compound is broken down to produce two or more smaller compounds is called a decomposition reaction.

  9. 14.2 Decomposition reaction AB-energy-> A+B 2 Hg(s) + O2 (g) HgO3(s) -heat-> 2 2 H2O (l) -electricity-> 2 H2(g) + O2 (g)

  10. 14.2 Single Displacement • In a single-displacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

  11. 14.2 Single Displacement A + X X B B -----> + A Fe Fe + Cu Cu Cl2 Cl2 -----> + -----> +

  12. 14.2 Double Displacement • In a double-displacement reaction, ions from two compounds in solution exchange places to produce two new compounds. • One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate that settles out of the solution, a gas that bubbles out of the solution, or a molecular compound such as water.

  13. 14.2 Double Displacement AB+CD--->AC+BD Pb(NO3)2+KI--->PbI2+KNO3 2 2

  14. 14.2 Double displacement reactions • A precipitate is a new solid product that comes out of solution in a chemical reaction. • The formation of a cloudy precipitate is evidence that a double-displacement reaction has occurred.

  15. 14.2 Combustion reactions • A combustion reaction, also called burning, occurs when a substance such as wood, natural gas, or propane combines with oxygen and releases a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

  16. 14.2 Combustion reactions • What do reactants like wood, natural gas, and propane have in common?

  17. 14.2 Combustion CxHy+O2---> CO2+H2O+energy C6H12O6+O2---> CO2+H2O 6 6 6 +energy

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