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Jackson and the Indian Removal Act. Quiz. 1. Describe Andrew Jackson. (use at least 1 detail mentioned in the videos from your textbook) 2. After Andrew Jackson was appointed president, he used the spoils system. What is the spoils system? 3. What does the phrase “Kitchen Cabinet” refer to?
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Quiz 1. Describe Andrew Jackson. (use at least 1 detail mentioned in the videos from your textbook) 2. After Andrew Jackson was appointed president, he used the spoils system. What is the spoils system? 3. What does the phrase “Kitchen Cabinet” refer to? 4. What is another word for tariff?
Check your Notes: 1. Andrew Jackson was a war hero of 1812. 2. Democracy (the right to vote) was expanded. 3. Jackson used the spoils system; gave government jobs to his financial supporters 4. Kitchen Cabinet: informal group of advisors that met in the White House kitchen 5. Later his closing of the 2nd National Bank and buying on credit, led to an economic depression that the next president (Martin Van Buren) was blamed for.
Jackson slammed the door! On 3 issues: • Second Bank of the United States 2. Indian Removal 3. Nullification Crisis
Notes Time 4. Indian Removal Act (1830): authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West (now Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears: Cherokee’s 800 mile forced march (about ¼ of the Indians died along the way) p334 Questions to answer afterward: • What was the purpose of the Indian Removal?What effect does this have on Native Americans today?
As the population grew, the colonists pushed farther west into the territories occupied by the American Indians.
How did the Proclamation of 1763 attempt to solve this problem? Was it successful?
This proclamation forbade settlement west of the Appalachians in hopes of eliminating conflict between the colonists and the natives living in the Ohio River Valley.
By the time Andrew Jackson became President in 1829, the native population east of the Mississippi River had dwindled to 125,000.
In contrast, the non-Indians population had risen to 13 million.
Jackson saw Indian Removal as an opportunity to provide for the needs of the white farmers and businessmen. He also claimed that removal was also in the best interest of the Indians. Why?
Jackson to the Indians: “Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to each other to live in harmony and peace. Your game is gone, and many of your people will not work and till the earth. . . The land beyond the Mississippi belongs to the President and no one else, and he will give it to you forever.”
Many members of the “Five Civilized Tribes” (including the Cherokee, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles) wanted to stay in their lands east of the Mississippi River.
1. Adopted farming life style 2. Began to receive formal education 3. Had own written language 4. Established their own newspaper (Cherokee Phoenix) 5. Adopted white man’s idea of black slavery & established plantations
How did Georgia begin the removal process of the Cherokee and the other members of the Five Civilized tribes within its border?
In an agreement with the federal government, the state of Georgia gave up claims to large tracts of western land in exchange for the federal government negotiating treaties for Indianremoval.
Throughout the late 1820s, legal conflict over ownership of Cherokee lands led the issue to the halls of the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court and Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the Cherokee could keep their lands because of earlier federal treaties.
Furthermore, the court ruled the treaty was an agreement between two nations and couldn’t be overruled by Georgia.
What do you think President Jackson and the Georgia did next?
Cherokee Sue For Land • Cherokee sued the government of Georgia for taking their land • Worcester vs. Georgia - Supreme Court rules Georgia’s actions are illegal and that the Cherokee can stay
President Andrew Jackson “Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.” What is the job of the Supreme Court? What is the job of the President? What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?
Georgia ignored the court’s ruling. President Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. He remarked, “Well, John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”.
As part of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, federal agents misled tribal leaders into signing removal treaties with the government.
In 1838, the Georgia militia was ordered to force the Cherokee out of Georgia.
17,000 Cherokees were brutally rounded up and marched to Indian territory in Oklahoma.
“… When I past the last detachment of those suffering exiles and thought that my native countrymen had thus expelled them from their native soil and their much loved homes, and that too in this [harsh] season of the year in all their suffering, I turned from the sight with feelings which language cannot express and “wept like childhood then.”
“… I felt that I would not encounter the secret silent prayer of one of these sufferers armed with the energy that faith and hope would give it (if there is a God who avenges the wrongs of the injured) for all the lands of Georgia!” Adopted from “A Native of Maine, traveling in the Western Country” in New York Observer, Jan. 26, 1839 as found in Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians by Grant Foreman (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972).
“I fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew.” Georgia Soldier involved in removal process
THE END PART I
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest15875-169616-indian-removal-jennifer-morgan-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest15875-169616-indian-removal-jennifer-morgan-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/ http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears
