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18.1 The West

18.1 The West. Main Idea By the early 1800’s, Americans started to travel to the area beyond the Great Plains. . Why It Matters Now The cultures and peoples’ influence of the area can still be felt today. Standards.

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18.1 The West

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  1. 18.1 The West Main Idea By the early 1800’s, Americans started to travel to the area beyond the Great Plains. Why It Matters Now The cultures and peoples’ influence of the area can still be felt today.

  2. Standards • 8.8.2 Describe the purpose, challenges, and economic incentives associated with westward expansion, including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., the Lewis and Clark expedition, accounts of the removal of Indians, the Cherokees’ “Trail of Tears,” settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spread numerous decades. • 8.8.5 Discuss Mexican settlements and their locations, cultural traditions, attitudes towards slavery, land grant system, and economics.

  3. Daily Guided Questions • What cultures and ideas influenced the development of the West? • What did Manifest Destiny mean? • Why did people go west and what challenges did they face?

  4. What was “The West”? • A frontier is the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation’s settled regions. • West of the Appalachian Mtns.-> Mississippi River-> Great Plains. • Today’s frontiers: -Our oceans. -outer space.

  5. The Great Plains (pg. 318) • Farmers and settlers were not attracted to this vast region. • Between the Mississippi Rivers and Rocky Mtns. -Not suitable for farming. -Required too much manual labor to break up dirt.

  6. The Northwest (pg. 319) • Oregon Territory. • Present day Oregon and Washington states. -Rich fertile soil. • Claimed by USA, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.

  7. Southwest

  8. New Spain, Mexican Settlements (pg. 320) • Mercantilism-trade only with the mother country. • Class system organized by ethnicity and birth. -Spanish intermarriages. • Groups created distinct Southwestern cultures.

  9. Native Americans (pg. 320) • Spanish Missions -Convert N. Amer., forced to work. -1000’s died of overworking and disease. • Blending of cultures and language.

  10. Mexico Wins Independence (pg. 320) • In 1821. • Traded with other countries. • Under Spanish rule, land grants (government gifts of land) given to certain classes. • Mexico, rancheros given land. -Missions removed from church rule. -land given to rancheros. -Indian rebellions.

  11. Manifest Destiny (pg. 321) • The United States is destined (or meant), to extend “sea to shining sea.” • Expansion, extending the nation beyond its existing borders.

  12. Primary Source pg. 632 • Read the Primary Source: John O’Sullivan, Manifest Destiny ontextbook page 632. • Make sure you read everything on the page. -Background information. -Vocabulary builder. -Questions. -Primary source. • Answer this question using the TEES format, “How did Americans justify Westward Expansion?” • You have 15 minutes.

  13. Sample Answer Americans in the early 1800s did justify westward expansion. The idea of Manifest Destiny, to control the continent from one ocean to the other was the reason Americans were migrating westward. According to John O’Sullivan, “ our high destiny, and in nature’s eternal, inevitable decree of cause and effect we must accomplish…” control of this nation. This is important because this idea was a cause for farther expansion and ultimate war with Mexico.

  14. Traders Lead the Way • Traders looking for new markets to sell their goods. -Created trails through the Great Plains and Rocky Mtns. to the West.

  15. The Santa Fe Trail • William Becknelland other traders used trail to sell products in Mexico. -Became rich. -assisted “prairie schooners” across the Great Plains into New Mexico.

  16. Oregon Fur Trade • John Jacob Astor, German immigrant. • American Fur Company. -First multi-millionaire • Lead the way for missionaries and settlers. -Used Lewis and Clark route.

  17. Mountain Men • Fur traders crisscrossed mountains passageways. -Lived isolated, dangerous lives. -Bitter cold, intense heat, and animal attacks. • Sold products at rendezvous, meeting for traders to trade furs and supplies. -Returned East as farmers and merchants. -Some became guides.

  18. Jedediah SmithJames Beckwourth

  19. The Oregon Trail • 2,000 mile route from Independence, Missouri to Oregon Terr. -Used by farmers and missionaries. -took 5 months to reach Oregon terr. -10% of travelers died. • Travelled in wagon trains for protection. -Carried everything they needed in covered wagons pulled by horses or oxen. -Between 1840-1860, 50,000 people came to Oregon.

  20. Study Guide Pg. 145 • Copy and complete the study guide on page 145. • Use your notes or textbook pages 322-327 to complete it.

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