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From Democracy Wall to Tiananmen Square

From Democracy Wall to Tiananmen Square. Political struggle in the late 1970s. The Question: How far should China hold to the goals of the 1960s “Gang of Four”: Class struggle the key link Deng Xiaoping: Seek truth from facts Important political implications for many people

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From Democracy Wall to Tiananmen Square

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  1. From Democracy Wall to Tiananmen Square

  2. Political struggle in the late 1970s • The Question: How far should China hold to the goals of the 1960s • “Gang of Four”: Class struggle the key link • Deng Xiaoping: Seek truth from facts • Important political implications for many people • Hua Guofeng: Two Whatevers

  3. Deng Xiaoping’s policies • Four Modernisations and Four Cardinal Principles • Economic modernisation • Political stability • People’s reactions to this • Democracy Wall

  4. The Four Modernisations in Practice • Agriculture – household responsibility system (contracting) • Industry – allow private enterprises • Trade – Special Economic Zones • Government – retirement of party elders and rationalisation of the bureaucracy

  5. Effects of the Reforms • Problems for State Owned Enterprises • Employment of migrant labourers → urban workers conditions decline • Increasing gap between rich and poor • Rise of entrepreneurs • Increasing corruption →Social unrest → more calls for political reform

  6. Pressure for Political Change in the late 1980s • 1986 student demonstrations • Zhao Ziyang “Primary stage of Socialism” • Social problems in urban areas • Economic downturn • Inflation • Businesses fail • Housing reform threatened • Corruption

  7. 1989 Student Demonstrations(Tiananmen Square) • Aims • Initially student problems • Reassessment of Hu Yaobang • Calls for Democracy • Gorbachev visit to China • Army called in to crush demonstrations

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